Which of the following is NOT a part of the upper respiratory tract?

• Esophagus

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

What is the primary function of alveoli?

• Gas exchange

• Olfaction

• Sound production

• Maintaining homeostasis

Which structure is known as the 'guardian of the airways'?

• Glottis

• Thyroid cartilage

• Epiglottis

• Carina

What is the role of surfactants in the alveoli?

• Increase surface tension

• Reduce surface tension

• Trap particles

• Produce mucus

Which sinus is located superior to the eyebrows?

• Frontal sinuses

• Sphenoid sinuses

• Ethmoid sinuses

• Maxillary sinuses

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

• Relaxes and moves inferiorly

• Relaxes and moves superiorly

• Contracts and moves superiorly

• Contracts and moves inferiorly

Which nerve is responsible for causing the diaphragm to contract?

• Facial nerve

• Trigeminal nerve

• Phrenic nerve

• Vagus nerve

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity during inhalation?

• Warm, moisten, and cleanse air

• Reduce friction

• Produce sound

• Exchange gases

Which of the following is a reflex that clears the lower respiratory tract?

• Hiccup

• Cough

• Yawn

• Sneeze

What is the primary function of the pleural membranes?

• Reduce friction during breathing

• Trap particles

• Produce mucus

• Exchange gases