AP-Ch.18 RQ_retake

The dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century

• occurred after decades of warfare between its neighbors
• was reversed by the successful rebellion of General Kosciuszko
• resulted from the Polish king's repeated insults and attacks on his neighbors.
• showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period

All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century except

• international trade had become greater than trade within Europe
• trade within Europe was still greater than overseas trade
• the Atlantic trade contributed to the growth of European cities.
• overseas trade let to the growth of related industries, such as textile manufacturing

At the beginning of the eighteenth century

• the old order was under severe attack
• republicanism was in the ascendancy
• the old order remained strong
• democracy was spreading rapidly in both the east and the west

Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed

• the rise of the masses in politics as advocated by the philosophes
• the waning of monarchical power
• the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states.
• "enlightened absolutism" establish its deepest roots in France.

In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued

• 6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws
• 150 new ranks of imperial bureaucrats
• at least 350 imperial decrees for the reform of judicial practice in Hungary.
• an edict separating the Austrian government from any connection with the Catholic Church.

The prime minister who furthered British imperial ambitions by acquiring Canada and India was

• Robert Walpole
• William Pitt the Elder.
• Lord Bute.
• William Pitt the Younger

The domestic system of textile production in France and Britain is known as the

• workshop system
• mercantile system
• putting-out system.
• the factory system

The problem of poverty in eighteenth-century Europe was

• most severe in Great Britain, a country lacking a system of poor relief
• aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials toward the poor
• solved largely through the efforts of private and religious charities
• entirely the result of the Industrial Revolution

The Grand Tour

• avoided Italy in favor of a focus on destinations in northern Europe.
• was greatly facilitated by the ease of travel in the eighteenth century
• generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons
• was reserved for ambitious members of the bourgeoisie

Under the reign of Frederick William I, Prussia

• saw the size of its army diminish.
• reduced the size and scope of government.
• developed a civil service staffed by middle-class officials
• failed to establish an efficient civil bureaucracy