U14: The Enlightenment

​The ​ (a)   theory says the moon, sun, and planets revolve around the Earth, whereas the ​ (b)   theory says the planets revolve around the sun.

• geocentric
• heliocentric
• solar
• lunarcentric
• flat earth

Put the steps of the Scientific Method in order

• Identify a problem

• Record Data

• form a testable hypothesis

• Conduct an experiment

• Analyze data

This English scientist developed theories of motion and gravity, which he applied to both earth and space

• Isaac Newton
• Niels Bohr
• Galileo Galilei
• Albert Einstein

Match the following political philosophers to what they believed

• Montesquieu

• Government should support its people, people are inherently good

• John Locke

• Government gets its power from the people, people have natural rights

• Jacques Rousseau

• Separation of powers is necessary to prevent government from ruining itself

• Thomas Hobbes

• Strong government necessary, otherwise people are lawless monsters

What was the Enlightenment?

• An artistic style that focused on emotional expression.
• A political revolution that sought to overthrow monarchies.
• A religious movement that promoted faith over reason.
• An intellectual movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority.

What were enlightened despots?

• Democratic leaders elected by the people.

• Monarchs who embraced the Enlightenment to strengthen their rule

• Leaders who rejected Enlightenment ideas.

• Military generals who ruled by force.

This monarch tried to abolish capital punishment and torture, allow religious freedom, and responded to a peasant revolt by giving nobles more land. They also greatly expanded the Russian Empire.

• Nicholas II
• Catherine the Great
• Joseph II

• Frederick II

This monarch allowed freedom of worship and the press, and abolished serfdom in Austria

• Leopold II
• Catherine the Great

• Frederick II

• Joseph II

This monarch reformed the education and justice system, granted religious freedom, abolished torture, but failed to end serfdom in Prussia.

• William II

• Frederick II

• Catherine the Great

• Joseph II

What were three effects of the Enlightenment?

(select more than one - click enter)

• Inspired major revolutions, like in America and France

• Urged democracy and end to slavery

• The movement led to the decline of individual freedoms and rights.
• People began questioning the church's teachings

• It emphasized tradition over reason and progress.