NY Regents Exam DNA & Protein synthesis

Which statement best describes the outcome of this procedure?

• Bacterial cells will destroy defective human genetic material

• Bacterial cells may form a multicellular embryo

• The inserted human DNA will change harmful bacteria to harmless ones

• The inserted human DNA may direct the bacteria to mass produce human insulin

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Restriction enzymes function by cutting DNA at specific ​ (a)   , essentially acting as molecular ​ (b)   that allow scientists to precisely manipulate DNA fragments in ​ (c)   by isolating specific ​ (d)   from a larger DNA molecule

• nucleotide sequences
• scissors
• genetic engineering
• genes

The removal of a short sequence of bases from a gene would most directly affect the

• diffusion of material into a cell

• shape of a protein molecule

• ph of the cytoplasm

• size of the cell's nucleus

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A podocyte is a highly specialized cell that produces special proteins for filtering fluid in the human kidney.

The specialized function of this cell is most dependent on:

• mutations that produce cells that have a specific shape for filtering the blood

• the differentiation of the cell membrane and functioning of vacuoles

• the DNA codes in the cell and the activity of ribosomes

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Reorder the following

• alteration of the base sequence on a strand of DNA

• Exposure to radiation

• synthesis of a new protein

• the cell function changes

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The instructions for making important protein in the blood clotting process may be missing in some individuals ( hemophilia ).

Scientist can now isolate these instructions and insert them into a yeast cell that will then produce the protein.

Altering yeast cells in this way is known as:

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

• homeostatic regulation

• natural selection

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Which statement correctly describes an organisms genetic information?

• DNA molecules contain 4 subunits known as genes

• chromosomes are made entirely of protein

• Genes are made of long sequences of chromosomes

• DNA contains combinations of 4 nitrogen bases

  A-T-G-C

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The differences in color in the hydrangea plant demonstrate that:

• traits can be expressed differently as the environment changes

• flower color is controlled only by genetic information

• abiotic factors do not have an effect on flower production

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A sequence of mRNA bases that can produce a certain protein was found to be:

UUU GGG CCC AUA

What would the complementary sequence be?

• CCC GGG GGG UAU

• AAA CCC CCC UUU

• AAA CCC GGG UAU

The human liver contains many specialized cells that secrete bile.

Only these cells produce bile because:

• different cells use different specific parts of the genetic codes that they all contain

• cells can eliminate the genetic codes that they do not need

• all other cells in the body lack the genes needed for the production of bile

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