Exam 2 - PBSI 302

A researcher wants to measure happiness. What is a conceptual definition that she can use to measure this variable?

• Happiness is when a person is observed smiling

• Happiness is when a person self-reports their emotional state as being 5 on a Likert scale (5 being very happy, 1 being not happy at all)

• Happiness is when a person has lower levels of cortisol

• Happiness is a state of emotional well-being

A researcher wants to measure motivation. What is an operational definition that he can use to measure this variable?

• Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior

• Motivation is a willingness to behave in a particular way

• Motivation is the score tallied from a person rating their feeling of motivation on a questionnaire using a Likert scale (5 being very motivated, 1 being not motivated at all)

• Motivation is a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior at a particular time

Jessie is concerned about how tired his classmates seem. He created a drink that he thinks will boost their energy. He recruits 100 classmates and has 50 of them drink his new special energy drink. The other 50 drink a beverage that looks like the special energy drink, but is just water and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the special drink that would boost energy. After 2 hours, 30 classmates in the first group reported having more energy and 8 classmates in the second group reported having more energy. What is the dependent variable?

• Type of energy drink

• Amount of energy

• Food coloring and water

• Classmates

An IQ test would be an example of a/an …

• Nominal Scale

• Ordinal Scale

• Interval Scale

• Ratio Scale

What is the difference between an interval scale and a ratio scale?

• An interval scale has a meaningful zero value, a ratio scale does not have a meaningful zero value

• An interval scale does not have a meaningful zero value, a ratio scale has a meaningful zero value

• An interval scale is categorical, a ratio scale is continuous

• An interval scale is continuous, a ratio scale is categorical

Measurement can be defined as …

• The assignment of numbers to events/objects according to rules that permit properties of the events/objects to be represented by properties of the number system

• A way to operationalize a variable

• A measuring device to assess a person’s score or status on a variable

• Only a and b

• All of the above

What is an example of a physiological measure?

• Measuring heart rate for fear

• Questionnaire about life satisfaction

• A participant’s response to an interview question

• Observing the number of times a participant fidgets during a task

What is the relationship between reliability and validity?

• A measure can be valid, but not reliable

• A measure can only be valid and reliable

• A measure can be reliable, but not valid

• A measure does not have to be valid or reliable

A researcher created a questionnaire to assess extroversion. She wants to make sure that all the items on the questionnaire correlate with one another, to ensure a high level of reliability . She will calculate:

• Test-Retest Reliability

• Internal Consistency

• Inter-Rater Reliability

• Alternative-Forms Reliability

A researcher finds that people’s scores on a measure of extroversion stay stable over 2 months. This is an example of …

• Interrater Reliability

• Internal Reliability

• Test-Retest Reliability

• Alternative-Forms Reliability