Benchmark Review 2025

Which factor BEST explains the trend shown in the table?

• A) Favorable living conditions in cities

• B) Decreasing land prices in rural areas

• C) Industrial working opportunities in cities

• D) Decreasing agricultural output in rural areas

Which characteristics are associated with the American Revolution era and which are associated with the Civil War era? Move each characteristic to the correct era.

• American Revolution era

• Conflict over issue of slavery

• American Revolution era

• Conflict over issue of mercantilism

• Civil War era

• Ideas of Thomas Paine inspired action

• Civil War era

• Ideas of Jefferson Davis inspired action

How did the U.S. government encourage the free-enterprise system in the early 1800s?

• By setting the prices of goods and services

• By protecting the rights of businesses

• By monopolizing local and national markets

• By owning the means of production

Based on the excerpt, which statement describes the administration of President Jackson?

• A) He favored nullification, leading to increased sectional conflict.

• B) He lacked the power to enforce laws, leading to abuses in power.

• C) He failed to enforce term limits, leading to extended durations of service.

• D) He preferred the use of the spoils system, leading to corruption in some cases.

Which statement BEST explains why Germans migrated out of their country?

• They were part of a forced migration to provide labor in America.

• They were fleeing a major famine caused by crop failure.

• They were attracted by economic opportunities and available land.

• They were searching for gold and other natural sources of wealth in America.

Based on the excerpt, how did Frederick Douglass use The North Star?

• He spread information about the injustices of slavery in his newspaper.

• He utilized his profits to hire runaway enslaved people to work at his newspaper.

• He utilized his newspaper to encourage plantation owners to end slavery.

• He started a school for runaway enslaved people in his newspaper offices.

Which phrase from the excerpt provides evidence for the answer to Part A?

• be they composed of church or state

• under which tyranny may aim to conceal and protect itself

• has just left our office, an amiable, kind, and intelligent looking young woman

• initials of the name of her infernal master, is cut in large capitals

Which principle was established by the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison?

• Individual rights

• Separation of powers

• Consent of the governed

• Judicial review

Which aspect of society was affected by these requirements?

• U.S. citizens’ ability to take out loans

• U.S. citizens’ right to vote in elections

• U.S. citizens’ option to join the military

• U.S. citizens’ choice to operate a business

What does the 8th amendment say about bail and punishments?

• Bail must be excessive, and punishments should be severe.

• Bail shall not be excessive, and punishments shall not be cruel and unusual.

• Bail must be set high, and punishments are left unregulated.

• Bail and punishments are not addressed in the amendment.