1. How can scientists determine how closely related two species are based on their common ancestor?

Similarities in DNA among different living species

Fossil records found in rock layers

Distinct species without overlapping traits

Unique behaviors not observed in other species

2. What can studying the structural and functional similarities and differences between two different species reveal about their evolutionary relationship?

similarities and differences among structures of living species

similar environmental conditions

3. Select the three statements that could explain how these two distantly related saber-toothed mammals developed similar blade- like canine teeth.

Blade-like teeth provided a survival advantage for both mammals.

Both mammals experienced environmental changes to favor similar traits.

Blade-like teeth helped each mammal better compete with other predators.

Both mammals inherited blade-like teeth from the same ancestor.

The similarity is the result of interbreeding between Smilodon and Thylacosmilus.

Visual Check: 4. Infer What is the function of the bones in bats that are homologous to finger bones in humans?

They support the wing membranes enabling flight.

They are used for grasping branches.

They are employed in echolocation.

They are involved in thermoregulation.

Key Concept Check: 5. Explain How do homologous structures provide evidence for evolution?

They indicate common ancestry through similar structure despite different functions.

They are identical in function, proving direct evolution.

They arise independently due to similar environmental pressures.

They are random and do not indicate any evolutionary process.

Visual Check 6. Infer Why does a vestigial pelvis show that the ancestors of the modern whale once had legs?

Vestigial pelvis suggests that whales came from ancestors that used legs for walking on land

Vestigial pelvis suggests have no connection to evolutionary history

Vestigial pelvis are entirely new structures with no historical significance

Key Concept Check 7. Explain How are vestigial structures evidence of descent from ancestral species?

A structure with no or reduced function in a living species is evidence that the species evolved from an ancestor that used the structure.

A structure with no or reduced function in a living species is a remnant of the pelvic structure that still supported legs.

A structure with no or reduced function in a living species is used only for muscle attachment with no relation to legs.

A structure with no or reduced function in a living species serves a cosmetic function unrelated to ancestral forms.

Reading Check 8. Connect What is the connection between modern biology and the theory of evolution by natural selection?

It provides evidence for evolutionary changes. The theory of evolution by natural selection is the cornerstone of modern biology.

It challenges the principles of natural selection.

It is unrelated to natural selection.

It solely focuses on genetics without evolutionary context.

Reading Check 9. Describe a difference of opinion in regard to how scientists interpret the theory of evolution by natural selection

Scientists debate the rate at which natural selection produces new species.

Scientists agree that only natural selection explains evolutionary changes.

Scientists unanimously believe that natural selection is not involved in evolution.

Scientists disagree on whether evolution occurs only in certain species.

After you Read Clarify why a diagram of evolution looks more like a bush than a straight line.

A line would suggest that one species replaces another in a series of orderly steps. Instead, different species that descended from a common ancestor can be alive at the same time. They might branch off into still more divergent species.

A line would suggest that one species does not replaces another in a series of orderly steps. Instead, different species that descended from a common ancestor can be alive at the same time. They might branch off into still more divergent species.

Apply Your Knowledge: Use the next questions to test your knowledge of the chapter A jackrabbit is a hare, an animal similar to a rabbit but not rabbit species. Jackrabbits live in deserts and the central and western plains. Jackrabbits have very large ears, which help them to stay cool, and strong hind legs that help them escape predators. Rabbit species typically have shorter ears and legs than jackrabbits. Based on this information, what is a valid conclusion about jack rabbit characteristics?

A greater number of jackrabbits with long hind legs survived and had offspring.

A jackrabbit developed the trait of long hind legs as it grew older.

The strongest jackrabbits in the population developed the trait of large ears.

A jackrabbit’s ears would grow shorter if it were released into a colder climate.

Apply Your Knowledge: A population of lizards that originally had no predators lived on a small, isolated island. Predators of the lizards were accidentally introduced to the island from a visiting ship. The graph shows how the average leg length of the surviving lizards changed over time once the predator was introduced. Which statement could explain the trend in the graph?

Lizards with longer legs ran faster and avoided predators.

Lizards with shorter legs found more food.

Lizards with longer legs were less likely to reproduce.

Lizards with shorter legs avoided predators by climbing trees.

Apply Your Knowledge: Before 1800, most peppered moths in England were light-colored. During the 1800’s many factories were built. Their pollution darkened the light-colored tree trunks where the moths rested. Eventually, more moths were dark-colored and only a few were light-colored. Which statement explains why the number of dark-colored moths in the population increased?

More dark-colored moths survived to reproduce.

Dark-colored moths began eating light-colored moths.

Predators were more likely to eat dark-colored moths.

Dark-colored moths were healthier than light-colored moths.

Apply Your Knowledge: In the Western Hemisphere, crocodiles can be found only as far north as southern Florida. Crocodiles require warm temperatures to survive. The average annual temperature for southern Florida is 76oF. However, crocodile fossils and fossilized subtropical plants have been found in parts of western Colorado, where the average annual temperature is 53oF. Which statement explains why crocodile fossils are found in western regions of the United States, but crocodiles are not?

The climate changed, and crocodiles could not survive in this region.

Crocodiles used to live in cold climates but adapted to warm climates.

Crocodiles migrated from Florida to Colorado, where they died.

A glacier carried crocodile bones from Mexico to Colorado.

Apply Your Knowledge: An environmental change occurs, causing a change in the color of snails present in an ecosystem. The graph shows the color distribution in a snail population at two different times. Select the three possible explanations for the results shown in the graph.

Predators could more easily catch lighter-colored snails.

The lighter-colored snails had few offspring to pass the trait along.

The darker coloration was an existing trait in the original population.

The lighter-colored snails are all extinct.

Snails with darker coloration left the ecosystem.

8LS1 Ch6.3 Reading, Highlights & Questions - Answers

Authored by DEBORAH MORAGA

Science

8th Grade

Used 5+ times

8LS1 Ch6.3 Reading, Highlights & Questions - Answers

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What do you think?
Statement: Living species contain no evidence that they are related to each other.

Agree

Disagree

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What do you think?
Statement: Plants and animals share similar genes.

Agree

Disagree

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8LS1 Ch6.3 Reading, Highlights & Questions - Answers

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

Highlights: Do you have all the highlights?

What do you think? Statement: Living species contain no evidence that they are related to each other.

What do you think?Statement: Plants and animals share similar genes.

1. How can scientists determine how closely related two species are based on their common ancestor?

2. What can studying the structural and functional similarities and differences between two different species reveal about their evolutionary relationship?

3. Select the three statements that could explain how these two distantly related saber-toothed mammals developed similar blade- like canine teeth.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

What do you think?
Statement: Living species contain no evidence that they are related to each other.

What do you think?
Statement: Plants and animals share similar genes.