Comparing Biomolecules: Structure and Function

Which of the following elements are primarily found in carbohydrates?

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

• Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

• Carbon, Phosphorus, Oxygen

Explain how the structure of lipids contributes to their function in biological membranes.

• Lipids are hydrophilic, allowing them to dissolve in water and form membranes.

• Lipids have a rigid structure that provides strength to membranes.

• Lipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

• Lipids are composed of amino acids, which help in membrane transport.

How do carbohydrates function as energy storage molecules in living organisms?

• Carbohydrates are stored as lipids in the body for long-term energy.

• Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used for immediate energy.

• Carbohydrates are converted into proteins for energy storage.

• Carbohydrates are stored in the form of nucleic acids for energy.

Discuss the role of proteins as enzymes in biological reactions.

• Proteins act as enzymes by providing structural support to cells.

• Proteins act as enzymes by speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.

• Proteins act as enzymes by storing genetic information.

• Proteins act as enzymes by transporting oxygen in the blood.

The complex carbohydrates pictured below are made by linking molecules of glucose. In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely —

• contain different chemical elements

• form different proteins

• carry different nucleotides

• perform different functions

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Stores energy
• Stores genetic information
• Movement
• Physical structure

Explain how enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature and pH.

• Enzymes are unaffected by temperature and pH

• Enzymes work best at extreme temperatures and pH levels

• Enzymes can denature and lose function if temperature or pH is too extreme

• Enzymes become more active as temperature and pH increase

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept