Earth Systems Review

The table identifies three types of tectonic plate boundaries on Earth’s surface and their effect on the lithosphere. Type 1 boundaries are classified as divergent boundaries. Type 2 boundaries are classified as convergent boundaries. Type 3 boundaries are classified as transform boundaries.

Which three explanations are correct about the effects of these plate boundaries on Earth’s lithosphere?

• In Type 1 boundaries (divergent), new lithosphere will form because of the plates pulling apart from each other.

• In Type 2 boundaries (convergent), one plate is forced under the other, causing the lithosphere to form trenches.

• In Type 3 boundaries (transform), one plate slides next to the other, creating ocean mountain ranges.

• Earthquakes tend to occur at both Type 2 and Type 3 boundaries.

• Volcanoes tend to occur at both Type 1 and Type 3 boundaries.

The diagram below shows a simplified model of the rock cycle. What process will eventually break down rocks into smaller and smaller pieces until soil is formed?

• melting

• compaction and cementation

• weathering and erosion

• cooling

Every year, volcanoes erupt and earthquakes happen. This map shows events from 2019. Black dots show volcanoes that erupted. White diamonds show where earthquakes happened. The blue line shows plate boundaries. Which pattern is seen in the map?

• Most volcanoes and earthquakes are found in the middle of the ocean.

• Most volcanoes and earthquakes are found at the borders of two tectonic plates.

• Volcanoes are found in the middle of the ocean, while earthquakes are found at plate borders.

• Volcanoes are found at plate borders, while earthquakes are found in the middle of the ocean.

Acid rain is rain that is acidic. Acid rain can change rock through reactions that are not reversible. During which step of the rock cycle would this type of change to rock occur AND how can this change BEST be identified?

• Acid rain could weather rock in step 2, and this would be considered a physical change to rock.

• Acid rain could weather rock in step 4, and this would be considered a chemical change to rock.

• Acid rain could weather rock in step 4, and this would be considered a physical change to rock.

• Acid rain could weather rock in step 2, and this would be considered a chemical change to rock.

A student used a hammer and sugar cubes to model part of the rock cycle. When the student hit the sugar cubes with the hammer, the sugar cubes broke into pieces. Which rock cycle process is BEST represented by the student's action?

• weathering

• heat

• pressure

• compacting

What process is missing from the model at number 3?

• the process of melting, where heat causes solid rocks to change into liquid

• the process of crystallization, where rock composition changes due to heat

• the process of uplift, where cooled rocks are pushed upward to Earth's surface

• the process of weathering, where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces

What feature of Earth floats on the semiliquid mantle?

• asthenosphere

• mantle

• tectonic plates

• core

The layer around Earth's core that is made of iron and magnesium-rich rocks is called

• the atmosphere.

• the mantle.

• the crust.

• the magma.

What is the lithosphere?

• another name for the crust

• the liquid layer that the crust floats on

• the uppermost solid portion of the mantle

• the uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust

Mountains are formed when two

• continental plates separate.

• oceanic plates separate.

• continental plates collide.

• oceanic plates collide.