B1.1 Carbs and lipids

What unique chemical properties of carbon allow it to form diverse compounds?

• Carbon's tetravalency and ability to form stable bonds with various elements.

• Carbon's reactivity with noble gases.

• Carbon's high melting point compared to other elements.

• Carbon's ability to conduct electricity efficiently.

Describe the process of condensation reactions in macromolecule production.

• Condensation reactions are key in forming macromolecules by linking smaller units together while releasing water.

• Condensation reactions break down macromolecules into smaller units.

• Condensation reactions require the addition of water to form macromolecules.

• Condensation reactions occur only in the presence of heat and light.

How do hydrolysis reactions contribute to the digestion of polymers?

• Hydrolysis reactions have no effect on the digestion of polymers.

• Hydrolysis reactions convert monomers into polymers, hindering digestion.

• Hydrolysis reactions only occur in the presence of heat, not during digestion.

• Hydrolysis reactions break down polymers into monomers, aiding digestion.

What are monosaccharides and what is their significance in biology?

• Monosaccharides are fatty acids that are essential for hormone production.

• Monosaccharides are large molecules that provide structural support in cells.

• Monosaccharides are complex proteins that store genetic information.

• Monosaccharides are simple sugars that are crucial for energy production and serve as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.

Explain the role of polysaccharides as energy storage compounds.

• Polysaccharides act as energy storage compounds by storing glucose in a polymer form, which can be easily broken down when energy is needed.

• Polysaccharides are converted directly into proteins for energy.

• Polysaccharides are only found in animal tissues and not in plants.

• Polysaccharides are primarily used for structural support in plants.

How does the structure of cellulose relate to its function in plants?

• The structure of cellulose is mainly composed of proteins and lipids.

• Cellulose has a spiral structure that allows for flexibility in plant cells.

• The structure of cellulose, with its long chains and hydrogen bonding, provides strength and rigidity to plant cell walls, supporting plant structure.

• Cellulose is primarily used for energy storage in plants.

What are glycoproteins and what role do they play in cell–cell recognition?

• Glycoproteins are molecules that facilitate cell–cell recognition by acting as identification markers on cell surfaces.

• Glycoproteins are structural components that provide rigidity to the cell wall.

• Glycoproteins are lipids that store energy in the cell membrane.

• Glycoproteins are enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in cells.

What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

• A monomer is a single molecule; a polymer is a large molecule made of many monomers.

• Monomers are made of polymers; polymers are made of atoms.

• A monomer is a large molecule; a polymer is a single molecule.

• A monomer is a type of polymer that is smaller in size.

Give an example of a polysaccharide and its function in living organisms.

• Starch

• Glycogen

• Chitin

• Cellulose

How do the properties of carbon contribute to the complexity of biological molecules?

• Carbon is not essential for the formation of biological molecules.

• Carbon's ability to form only single bonds limits biological complexity.

• Carbon's tetravalency and ability to form diverse bonds contribute to the complexity of biological molecules.

• Carbon's lack of versatility in bonding reduces molecular diversity.