Age of Revolutions

Why did Tsar Peter the Great seek to consolidate power in Russia?

• 
  to facilitate a break from the Catholic Church

• to bring an end to a period of civil war in Russia

• to increase Russia's ability to capture new territory and expand its empire

• 
  to eliminate obstacles to the modernization and westernization of Russia

• Divine right: political doctrine that kings derived their right to rule from God

In sixteenth-to-eighteenth-century Europe, what was the theory of divine right most often used to justify?

• absolute monarchies

• the power of the pope

• democratic protests

• communist revolutions

Why were Peter the Great of Russia, King Louis XIV of France, and Suleyman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire considered absolute rulers?

• Each sought to break away from established religions and separate church and state.

• 
  Each expanded the feudal system and increased the power of barons and lords.

• Each relinquished some degree of power to their parliaments.

• Each determined government policies without the consent of their people.

What was the main causes of these Revolutions?

American Revolution, Haitian Revolution, French Revolution, Latin American Wars of Independence

• the efforts by workers to take control of the means of production from the wealthy

• the increased demand for raw resources caused by industrialization

• 
  the ideas of natural rights and individual liberties associated with the Enlightenment

• the suppression of democracy through the United States' imperialism

What method did both Peter the Great and Louis XIV use to consolidate power during their reigns?

• They made the pope convince their people that they were chosen by God.

• They removed powerful nobles from government positions.

• They made the pope convince their people that they were chosen by God.

• They concentrated ruling power in a few families.

What greatly influenced the struggle for political independence in Latin America in the early 1800s?

• poor conditions in urban centers

• the American and French Revolutions

• 
  the dominant role of the Roman Catholic Church

• 
  demands by workers to own the means of production

How did Louis XIV gain the support of one of the most powerful groups in France during his reign?

• He gained the support of the common people by building a new palace inside Paris.

• He gained the support of the common people by building the Palace of Versailles.

• He gained the support of the Catholic clergy by increasing religious freedom.

• He gained the support of the Catholic clergy by reducing religious freedom.

What weakened France's absolutist rulers, such as Louis XV?

• draining the treasury to finance costly wars

• sharing power with the nobility and clergy

• allowing constitutional laws and liberties

• ignoring military spending to finance palaces

Which best describes the idea of nationalism that spread across Europe at the time of Napoleon?

• A nation should be ruled by law, not individuals.

• No nation has the right to invade another.

• All of Europe should be united as one nation.

• The people, not the king, constitute the nation.

What occurred as a result of the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights of 1689?

• Great Britain became a direct democracy.

• Great Britain became a socialist republic.

• Great Britain became an autocratic theocracy.

• Great Britain became a limited monarchy.