Reinforcement or Punishment?

Dave has a splitting headache. He decides to go for a run, and like magic, the headache disappears. The next time he has a headache, he goes for a run again. The disappearance of the headache is a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Janette comes home too late after her high school party. She loses her driving privileges for two weeks. A month later, Janette is at another party, and she is supposed to be home in a half hour. The loss of driving privileges is a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Maria was a 12-year-old girl who created problems in her junior-high Spanish classroom because she flew paper airplanes during class, which disrupted class activities because the other children would pay attention to Maria and to the flight of the airplanes rather than to their lessons. Due to the attention Maria received from her classmates, her frequency of flying the paper airplanes increased. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Michael was having difficulty learning to read so his parents enrolled him in an intensive reading program. The program included a feature designed to motivate Michael to read. On any day when Michael successfully completed a daily reading assignment, his parents removed a cuckoo clock from Michael's bedroom. As a result of this method, Michael successfully completed more daily reading assignments than he had before the motivator was used. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Ms. Rosie revokes a student's line-leader status after she catches him running in the hallway; the student does not run in the hallway again. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Ms. Rosie scolds a student for running in the hallway; the student does not run in the hallway again. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Nathan often forgets to turn in his math homework even though he has completed it. His teacher tells him that he can earn five extra recess minutes on Friday if he turns in his math homework every day this week. As a result, Nathan turns in his homework every day. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative reinforcement

Nathan often forgets to turn in his math homework even though he has completed it. His teacher tells him that, if he turns in his math homework every day this week, he will not have to take Friday's math quiz. As a result, Nathan turns in his homework every day. This is an example of a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

Terry keeps interrupting the teacher during spelling instruction. The teacher says he has to write each spelling word ten times for extra homework. The next day, Terry interrupts the teacher again. The extra homework is a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

While he is at a meeting, Rubin tells a joke, and everybody laughs. Now he is at another meeting and telling another joke he heard. Everybody laughing at his joke at the first meeting is a

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment