Quizs- Ch 20 Notes Part 2

In gel electrophoresis, why is DNA mainly separated due to size?

• DNA fragments are separated by size because DNA is negatively charged and linear.

• DNA fragments are separated by size due to their color.

• DNA fragments are separated by size because they are all the same length.

• DNA fragments are separated by size due to the temperature of the gel.

DNA Technologies: Cloning

What is cloning?

• A process of creating genetically identical copies of biological entities.

• A method for altering the genetic makeup of an organism.

• A technique for enhancing the growth of plants.

• A way to extract DNA from living cells.

Describe the creation of recombinant DNA for use in Cloning a Human Gene

• 
• Recombinant DNA is formed by simply duplicating the human gene without any modification.

• Recombinant DNA is synthesized by using only synthetic nucleotides without any biological components.

• Recombinant DNA is created by isolating a human gene and inserting it directly into the host organism's genome without any vector.

Why does Each person have two sets of every STR repeat?

• 
• Because STRs are only found in males

• Because STRs are only found in females

• Because STRs are not inherited

In Step 1 in Cloning a Human Gene, explain the steps to isolate the human gene to clone.

• Use mRNA from prokaryotic cells as a template to form double-stranded DNA.

• Isolate the human gene to clone, such as insulin. Use mRNA from eukaryotic cells (introns removed) as a template to form double-stranded DNA.

• Directly extract DNA from the human genome without any processing.

• Use ribosomal RNA as a template to synthesize the gene.

DNA Technologies: DNA fingerprinting (profiling)

What is DNA fingerprinting?

• A technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA.

• A method for cloning DNA sequences.

• A process for sequencing entire genomes.

• A technique for editing genes using CRISPR.

How can a PCR machine be used to detect viruses?

• 
• By directly visualizing viruses under a microscope

• By using chemical reagents to kill viruses

• By measuring the temperature of the sample

How is Viral RNA converted to DNA for PCR?

• By using DNA polymerase enzyme

• Through the process of reverse transcription using Reverse Transcriptase enzyme

• By direct synthesis of DNA from RNA

• Using RNA ligase enzyme

How does gel electrophoresis work?

• 
• It uses heat to denature proteins and separate them by size.

• It relies on chemical reactions to isolate specific molecules from a mixture.

• It filters particles based on their charge using a membrane.

Role of Antibiotic Resistance Gene

• The antibiotic resistance gene produces a protein that breaks down the antibiotic.

• The antibiotic resistance gene enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics.

• The antibiotic resistance gene prevents the absorption of antibiotics in the body.

• The antibiotic resistance gene promotes the growth of bacteria.