Biotechnology tools and techniques Quiz

What does biotechnology involve?

• Using chemical processes

• Using biological processes

• Using mechanical processes

• Using electrical processes

For how long have biological processes been utilized in biotechnology?

• Hundreds of years

• Thousands of years

• Decades

• Centuries

Human cells have about ​ (a)   , and ​ (b)   are the same across all humans (Identical twins are the exception, sharing 100% of their DNA). Despite this similarity, the ​ (c)   difference—around ​ (d)   —allows for distinguishing individuals. These differences occur at specific locations called ​ (e)   and are analyzed in DNA profiling.

• 3 billion base pairs
• 99.9%
• 0.1%
• 3 million base pairs
• loci

What must be isolated from histone proteins in the DNA extraction process?

• Chromosomes

• Nucleus

• Organelles

• DNA

What are gene probes made of?

• Double-stranded DNA or RNA segments

• Single-stranded DNA or RNA segments

• Proteins

• Lipids

What is identified when gene probes bind to specific genes?

• The gene of interest

• The protein of interest

• The cell of interest

• The enzyme of interest

DNA probes are short, ​ (a)   pieces that find and bind to ​ (b)   . The probe is ​ (c)   so it can be detected. When mixed with DNA, it ​ (d)   to matching sequences. Scientists then use special techniques to see where the probe has bound, helping to ​ (e)   or study specific genes.

• specific DNA sequences
• labelled
• attaches
• identify
• single-stranded DNA

What is the function of free DNA nucleotides in PCR?

• To bind to primers

• To assemble new DNA copies

• To act as a template

• To denature DNA

What is the first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?

• Annealing

• Denaturing

• Extension

• Replication

Often, during PCR, the DNA, enzyme and nucleotide mixture is heated to temperatures well in excess of 60-70 degrees Celsius. State why it is necessary to heat the DNA in this manner.