AQA Misleading Information in EWT

What is a leading question in the context of eyewitness testimony?

• A question that suggests a particular answer

• A question that is open-ended

• A question that is irrelevant to the case

• A question that is difficult to understand

Which study is most associated with the investigation of leading questions in eyewitness testimony?

• Bartlett (1932)

• Loftus & Palmer (1974)

• Milgram (1963)

• Asch (1951)

In Loftus & Palmer's study, what was the effect of using the word "smashed" in a question about a car accident?

• It made participants remember the cars as being blue

• It led participants to estimate higher speeds

• It caused participants to forget the event

• It had no effect on participants' memories

What is post-event discussion?

• A discussion that occurs before an event

• A discussion that occurs after an event, potentially altering memory

• A discussion that is unrelated to the event

• A discussion that confirms the event details

Which researcher is known for studying the effects of post-event discussion on memory?

• Elizabeth Loftus

• Fiona Gabbert

• Sigmund Freud

• Albert Bandura

What is memory conformity?

• The process of forgetting information over time

• The tendency for memories to become more accurate over time

• The influence of others' memories on an individual's memory

• The ability to recall memories with perfect accuracy

What is the primary concern with misleading information in eyewitness testimony?

• It can lead to more accurate testimonies

• It can cause witnesses to become more confident

• It can distort memories and lead to wrongful convictions

• It has no impact on the legal process

Which of the following is an example of misleading information?

• Accurate details about the event

• Incorrect details introduced after the event

• Neutral details that do not affect memory

• Details that are irrelevant to the event

What was the main method used by Loftus & Palmer to study the effects of leading questions?

• Interviews with real eyewitnesses

• Laboratory experiments with video clips

• Surveys of police officers

• Field studies at crime scenes

How does misleading information typically affect eyewitness testimony?

• It makes memories more vivid

• It enhances the accuracy of memories

• It can alter or distort memories

• It has no effect on memory