Unit 8: AP Biology Ecology

What property of water allows for cooling from sweat?

• Adhesion

• Cohesion

• High Heat of vaporization

• Less dense as solid

Answer explanation

High heat of vaporization refers to that water requires a large amount of heat energy to vaporize liquid water to gaseous water vapor.

Net gain of energy by organism causes…

• Decay & Energy Storage

• Gain of Mass & Death

• Growth & Energy Storage

• Loss of Mass & Death

Answer explanation

Gain of energy refers to an endergonic process. Growth of an organism is an endergonic process. Energy storage is an endergonic process.

What is an autotroph?

• Produces its own food stored in organic compounds

• Produces its own energy from metabolic reactions

• Produces its own ATP from feeding on lower trophics levels

• Produces its own light energy from chemical reactions

Answer explanation

Autotrophs will use solar energy or energy from inorganic molecules to synthesize organic compounds to store the energy. Then, they will break down those organic compounds for cellular energy through cellular respiration.

Which is favorable for long distance in dark?

• Auditory

• Chemical

• Tactile

• Visual

Answer explanation

Auditory are noises. This means that it is able to take place in the dark and long distance. Tactile would be appropriate for dark but can NOT be done at long distances. Visual would NOT be appropriate for dark as you will be unable to see the signal. Chemical could take place in the dark, but it takes a long time for chemicals to diffuse which would be an inefficient communication method.

Where a stimulus affects behavior (ex. bell ringing)

• Classical conditioning

• Conditional learning

• Imprinting

• Operant conditioning

Answer explanation

Classical conditioning is associative learning in which the behavior is associated with an arbitrary stimulus. I always tell my students to remember the CLASSIC experiment with Pavlov and the dogs – ring the bell, feed the dog, repeat, then ringing the bell induces salvation (even without the introduction of food)

The smaller the organism, the ____ the metabolic rate.

• Higher

• Lower

Answer explanation

The smaller the organism, the higher the surface area to volume ratio. This leads to a higher metabolic rate in the organism.

“Cold-Blooded” organisms have cold-blood…

• True

• Falseo

Answer explanation

This is a misconception that you learned in elementary school. “Cold-blooded organisms” do not have cold-blood. The term “cold-blooded” refers to that the organisms use their environment to control their body temperatures. Biologists call them “conformers”.

Which signal is used by dogs for marking territory?

• Auditory

• Chemical

• Tactile

• Visual

Answer explanation

When the dog urinates on the item (tree, grass, fire hydrant, light pole, etc.), there are chemicals in their urine. This will be used as signal for other dogs in the area that this is their territory.

If b = 4 and d = 8, what is r?

• -12

• -4

• 4

• 12

Answer explanation

b = per capita birth rate

d = per capita death rate

r = b – d

r = 4 – 8

r = -4

Birds sing a song to attract a mate. Which does a bird use in mating?

• Auditory

• Chemical

• Tactile

• Visual

Answer explanation

A song is a noise which would be an example of an auditory signal.