FH 1 ERASMUS 1

Medicinal products (drugs) can be classified according to their origin. Which of the following are possible origins of drugs?

• animal origin

• human origin

• plant origin

• synthetic origin

• all of the above

Which of the following mechanisms best describes competitive inhibition of an enzyme by a drug?

• The drug irreversibly inactivates the enzyme by covalent binding

• The drug binds to an allosteric site and changes the enzyme conformation.

• The drug binds to the active site of the enzyme and competes with the substrate.

Which of the following substances is classified as a drug of human origin

• Insulin from pig pancreas

• Penicillin from Penicillium spp.

• Human blood and its derivatives

• Digoxin from Digitalis

What is characteristic of synthetic drugs?

• They are obtained by extraction from natural sources.

• They are mostly of animal origin.

• They are completely synthesized in the laboratory without direct use of natural sources.

• They are produced by recombinant DNA technology.

Which of the following drugs is classified as a natural drug of plant origin?

• Amoxicillin

• Digoxin

• Insulin obtained through recombinant DNA technology

• Sulfonamides

What is the correct chronological order in the process of developing a new drug?

• Preclinical testing → Clinical testing → Compound discovery → Post-marketing surveillance

• Clinical testing → Preclinical testing → Compound discovery → Post-marketing surveillance

• Compound discovery → Preclinical testing → Clinical testing → Post-marketing surveillance

What is the main purpose of the International Nonproprietary Name (INN)?

• To provide a unique name based on the commercial name of the drug

• To replace the chemical name of the drug in all clinical situations

• To provide healthcare professionals with a generally recognized name

Ciprofloxacin is:

• Generic name of the drug

• Protected name of the drug

• Chemical name of the drug

• INN of the drug

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between agonists and antagonists of drugs?

• Agonists block the effect of receptors, while antagonists increase the binding of ligands to the receptor.

• Agonists and antagonists have no effects on receptors and do not elicit pharmacological responses.

• Agonists enhance the effect of natural ligands on the receptor, while antagonists reduce or block the effect of those ligands.

• Agonists and antagonists have the same mechanism of action, but agonists have a stronger effect.