Attachment Theories

What is the Internal Working Model in Bowlby's theory?

• A schema that acts as a template for future relationships, affecting how a child will form attachments as they grow up.

• A theory that explains the stages of cognitive development in children.

• A model that describes the biological basis of attachment behaviors in infants.

• A framework for understanding the impact of parenting styles on child behavior.

What is separation anxiety in Bowlby's theory?

• A feeling of happiness when the caregiver is present.

• Intense distress when the mother (primary caregiver) is not present.

• A stage of development where a child becomes independent.

• A type of attachment that is always secure.

What is the sequence theory by Schaffer and Emerson?

• Up to 3 months – Most babies will respond indiscriminately to any caregiver.

• 3 – 7 months – infants can tell the difference between their main caregiver and other people, but will still accept care from others.

• 7 -9 months – infants look to certain people for security and show fear of strangers.

• 9+ months – the baby starts to become more independent and forms several attachments.

Describe secure attachment according to Ainsworth.

• Children show no anxiety when separated from their mother and are indifferent to her return.

• Children show separation anxiety when the mother leaves and are happy when she returns, showing no interest in strangers.

• Children are overly attached to their mother and do not explore their environment.

• Children display anger towards their mother upon her return after separation.

What is the critical period for forming attachments according to Bowlby?

• Approximately 0-1 year

• Approximately 0-3 years

• Approximately 1-5 years

• Approximately 3-7 years

What is an attachment according to Bowlby?

• A temporary connection that fades over time.

• A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects a child to their primary caregiver.

• A casual relationship between a child and their peers.

• A method of communication between a child and their teacher.

Describe insecure-avoidant attachment according to Ainsworth.

• Children show little difference in interaction with the mother and stranger, not appearing distressed or seeking comfort.

• Children are overly clingy and dependent on their caregiver, showing distress when separated.

• Children display significant anxiety and fear towards strangers, seeking comfort from their caregiver.

• Children alternate between seeking comfort and avoiding their caregiver, showing confusion in attachment.

Describe insecure-resistant attachment according to Ainsworth.

• Children are anxious of strangers, extremely distressed when the mother leaves, and ambivalent upon her return.

• Children are comfortable with strangers, show little distress when the mother leaves, and are happy upon her return.

• Children are overly attached to their mother, show no distress when she leaves, and ignore her upon return.

• Children are indifferent to strangers, show moderate distress when the mother leaves, and are excited upon her return.

What is the basis of Bowlby's Theory of Attachment?

• The theory is based on research from the 1940s, linking social, emotional, and cognitive development to the child's relationship with their mother.

• The theory emphasizes the importance of peer relationships in childhood development.

• The theory suggests that attachment is solely a biological instinct.

• The theory focuses on the role of fathers in child development.

What does the continuity hypothesis suggest?

• Infants with strong attachments in infancy are likely to be socially and emotionally competent, whereas those without strong attachments may face difficulties with their emotional and social well-being.

• Infants with weak attachments in infancy are more likely to develop strong social skills later in life.

• The quality of attachment in infancy has no impact on emotional development in later childhood.

• Strong attachments in infancy lead to increased academic performance in school.