Genetics of Disease Knowledge Check 25

How does DNA determine a trait such as eye color of an organism

• It interacts with proteins that control eye color.

• It codes for mRNA that directly determines eye color.

• It codes for proteins that directly determine eye color.

• It produces pigments that make up eye color.

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Which statement explains the process of protein synthesis in humans?

• Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm. Transcription results in an mRNA strand, and translation results in the production of a protein.

• Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus. Transcription results in a protein, and translation results in the production of tRNA.

• Transcription occurs in the nucleus, resulting in the production of an mRNA strand. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, resulting in the production of a protein.

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, resulting in the production of a protein. Translation occurs in the nucleus, resulting in the production of tRNA.

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How does the genetic code determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• By the number of nucleotides in DNA

• By the sequence of sugars in mRNA

• By the order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA

• By the structure of the ribosome

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Which diagram demonstrates the p53 protein production sequence in a normal mouse?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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Which part of p53 protein synthesis is impacted within knockout mice populations and why?

• transcription because the knockout mice do not have DNA to make any proteins

• transcription because the knockout mice do not synthesize the mRNA for the p53 protein

• 
  translation because the knockout mice do not produce any RNA while making proteins

• translation because the knockout mice do not contain the amino acids found in the p53 protein

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Cantalase is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen. Students conducted 2 investigations to determine the ideal conditions for the function of catalase. One investigation compared catalase activity at different values of pH. The other investigation compared catalase activity at different temperatures.

According to the data in the graphs, which pH and temperature combination provides the best conditions for catalase to function?

• pH 5 and 4°C

• pH 5 and 25°C

• pH 7 and 37°C

• pH 7 and 50°C

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What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

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Red blood cells contain the hemaglobin protein which is a carrier of oxygen. In sickle cell anemia, the hemaglobin present in red blood cells become abnormal and sickle shaped. Abnormal hemaglobin cannot carry as much oxygen as normal hemaglobin. The sequence given shows sections of the DNA sequence that produce both normal and abnormal types of hemaglobin. Using the codon chart as a guide, which amino acids are coded for by the abnormal DNA?

Normal DNA sequence: GGA CTC CTC

Abnormal DNA Sequence: GGA CAC CTC

• histidine, leucine, valine

• histidine, threonine, valine

• proline, valine, glutamic acid

• proline, leucine, glutamic acid

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The table describes the steps involved in the production of proteins in a cell. Type the letters based on the chart in order of the steps in order to make a protein.

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In an experiment, human cells grown in a culture medium were exposed to radioactive uracil for two minutes. The cells were then analyzed to determine the location of radioactivity. These cells were then cultured in a non-radioactive medium for four hours, and the location of radioactivity was determined again. The table shows the results of the experiment. What can be concluded based on the results of the experiment?

• The site of DNA replication is the nucleus, and the site of protein synthesis is the cytoplasm.

• The site of protein synthesis is the nucleus, and the site of mRNA synthesis is the cytoplasm.

• The site of mRNA synthesis is the nucleus, and the site of protein synthesis is the cytoplasm.

• The site of DNA replication is the nucleus, and the site of mRNA synthesis is the cytoplasm.

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