DNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz

What do genes code for?

• Proteins or RNA molecules

• Lipids or carbohydrates

• Vitamins or minerals

• Sugars or starches

(a)   , or (b)   , is a type of RNA that carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, mRNA is made in the (c)   using one strand of DNA as a template and then moves to the (d)   . It is a single-stranded molecule consisting of hundreds to thousands of nucleotides. mRNA is crucial because it provides the template for assembling (e)   into proteins, which are essential for many bodily functions, including growth and repair.

• mRNA
• messenger RNA
• nucleus
• cytosol
• amino acids

What are genes described as in terms of inheritance?

• Heritable factors

• Non-heritable factors

• Environmental factors

• Random factors

Protein Synthesis can be split into two main processes: - (a)   : This is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into (b)   (mRNA) in the (c)   . - (d)   : This is the process where the mRNA sequence is read by (e)   to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

• Transcription
• messenger RNA
• nucleus
• Translation
• ribosomes

What does a genome refer to?

• The total set of proteins in an organism

• The total set of genes in an organism

• The total set of cells in an organism

• The total set of chromosomes in an organism

How many chromosomes are there in the human genome?

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 12

When was the first draft of the human genome published?

• 1995

• 2001

• 2005

• 2010

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

• Proteins

• Nucleotides

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

What is non-coding DNA also known as?

• Exons

• Proteins

• Introns

• mRNA

What is the role of coding DNA?

• It is transcribed into RNA but not translated

• It is transcribed into mRNA and translated into proteins

• It does not code for proteins

• It is only found in prokaryotes