Unit 6: Chapter 16

What would be the minimum number of nucleo-tides required to code for a protein made of 12 amino acids?

• 6

• 12

• 36

• 48

A scientist inserts a eukaryotic gene directly into a bacteria's genome. However, the protein produced by the bacteria from the eukaryotic gene does not have the same amino acid sequence as the protein produced from the gene in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best explains this?

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes do not use the same genetic code, so the bacteria cannot decode the eukaryotic gene.

• Eukaryotic genes contain introns, which must be removed before translation: prokaryotes cannot remove introns.

• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and can-not perform transcription.

• Prokaryotes do not have rough endoplasmic reticulum, so they cannot translate eukaryotic genes.

Which of the following correctly represents the mRNA sequence that would be transcribed from the DNA sequence 3' ACC GGT AAG TTC 5'?

• 3' TGG CCA TTC AAG 5'

• 3' UGG CCA UUC AAG 5'

• 5' TGG CCA TTC AAG 3'

• 5' UGG CCA UUC AAG 3'

What is the amino acid sequence that would be translated from the following gene? (Use Figure 16.4 to answer this question.) 3' AAT CGT TTC AAT CAA 5'

• Asn-Arg-Phe-Asn-Gln

• Leu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Val

• Phe-Arg-Asn-Phe-Gln

• Gly-Ala-Lys-Gly-Val

Which of the following processes is most similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• alternative splicing of exons

• addition of a 3' poly-A tail to mRNA

• addition of a 5 GTP cap to mRNA

• transcription by RNA polymerase

The following figure depicts steps in the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. During which step will spliceosomes remove introns?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

The antibiotic tetracycline inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the binding of tRNAs to the ribosome. Which of the following processes is most directly affected by tetracycline?

• transcription

• exon splicing

• initiation of translation

• export of proteins from the cell

Why do retroviruses have a high mutation rate?

• RNA polymerase has a high error rate when reading viral genomes.

• DNA polymerase has a high error rate when reading viral genomes.

• Viruses use a different genetic code than pro-karyotes and eukaryotes use.

• Reverse transcriptase has a high error rate.

Humans can generate over 1012 different anti-body proteins, but humans have fewer than 25,000 genes. Which of the following best explains how this is possible?

• Humans acquire new antibody genes when they are infected with pathogens.

• Alternative splicing of exons can generate many different transcripts from the same gene.

• The error rate in RNA polymerase generates new transcripts for antibody proteins.

• Golgi bodies modify RNA transcripts to create new combinations.

Which of the following catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

• RNA polymerase

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA