PSYC 484 EXAM 2 PT.2

What is Social Darwinism?

• The idea that all humans have equal abilities

• The belief that evolution applies to human nature and society

• A movement that promotes government intervention in economic affairs

• A theory that rejects adaptation and evolution

Herbert Spencer argued that society evolves through:

• Collective cooperation

• Government regulation

• Individualism and survival of the fittest

• Psychological introspection

Which of the following did Spencer believe should be avoided to allow society to evolve?

• Economic growth

• Humanitarian aid and government intervention

• Scientific progress

• Individual competition

William James is best known for:

• Founding the structuralist school of thought

• His work in psychoanalysis

• Bringing experimental psychology to America

• Opposing the idea of adaptation in psychology

Which book by William James laid the foundation for Functionalism?

• The Interpretation of Dreams

• The Principles of Psychology

• On the Origin of Species

• Hereditary Genius

What concept did James introduce to describe conscious experience?

• Mind-body dualism

• Stream of consciousness

• Classical conditioning

• Structural introspection

According to James, what is the main function of consciousness?

• To allow humans to adapt to their environment

• To store unconscious memories

• To function as an isolated system

• To process sensory input only

How did James’ definition of consciousness differ from Wundt’s?

• James saw it as a continuous, adaptive process

• James rejected the study of consciousness altogether

• James believed consciousness was made up of unchanging structures

• James focused only on unconscious thoughts

What was James’ approach to studying psychology?

• He relied solely on controlled experiments

• He used introspection, experimentation, and comparative methods

• He focused only on measuring behavior

• He rejected scientific methods

What is Pragmatism, according to James?

• The belief that truth is absolute and unchanging

• The idea that the validity of an idea depends on its practical consequences

• The study of emotions and their impact on society

• The theory that all human behavior is biologically determined