Which three molecules are found in DNA and what is the purpose of each?

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases; structural support, backbone formation, genetic coding

Ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases; energy storage, backbone formation, genetic coding

Deoxyribose sugar, sulfate group, nitrogenous bases; structural support, backbone formation, protein synthesis

Ribose sugar, sulfate group, nitrogenous bases; energy storage, backbone formation, protein synthesis

What is a nucleotide? How does it relate to DNA and what DNA is made from?

A nucleotide is a building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

A nucleotide is a type of protein that forms the structure of DNA.

A nucleotide is a lipid molecule that is part of the DNA structure.

A nucleotide is an enzyme that helps in the replication of DNA.

Nucleotide bases always combine in specific ways because:

They have complementary shapes and charges.

They are attracted by magnetic forces.

They are randomly paired by enzymes.

They are influenced by external temperature.

Codons in DNA provide instructions for making a protein by:

specifying the sequence of amino acids

acting as a template for RNA synthesis

binding to ribosomes to initiate translation

The start and end of a gene are determined by:

the presence of start and stop codons

What is the function and purpose of helicase and DNA polymerase?

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, and DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

Helicase synthesizes new DNA strands, and DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix.

Both helicase and DNA polymerase unwind the DNA double helix.

Both helicase and DNA polymerase synthesize new DNA strands.

How do complementary base pairs, helicase, and DNA polymerase each enable DNA to be duplicated?

Complementary base pairs ensure accurate pairing, helicase unwinds the DNA, and DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands.

Complementary base pairs break the DNA, helicase repairs it, and DNA polymerase degrades it.

Complementary base pairs synthesize new strands, helicase pairs them, and DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA.

Complementary base pairs degrade the DNA, helicase synthesizes new strands, and DNA polymerase repairs it.

RNA is a type of what molecule and what is its primary function?

Nucleic acid; to carry genetic information

RNA is similar to DNA in that both are nucleic acids, but they differ in several key ways. Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA?

RNA and DNA both have the same type of sugar.

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

RNA uses uracil instead of thymine found in DNA.

RNA and DNA are similar macromolecules. Why does a cell need both RNA and DNA?

RNA is used for protein synthesis, while DNA stores genetic information.

RNA is used for energy storage, while DNA is used for genetic information.

RNA and DNA both store genetic information, but in different cells.

RNA and DNA are used interchangeably for genetic information.

Summarize what occurs during transcription.

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Transcription is the process of translating RNA into proteins.

Transcription is the process of replicating DNA strands.

Transcription is the process of converting proteins into DNA.

Summarize the purpose of each of these for transcription: mRNA, RNA polymerase.

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

mRNA is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. RNA polymerase carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

mRNA and RNA polymerase both carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

mRNA and RNA polymerase both synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

Summarize what occurs during translation.

Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Translation is the process of converting DNA into mRNA.

Translation is the process of converting proteins into amino acids.

Translation is the process of converting RNA into DNA.

Summarize the purpose of each during translation: ribosomes, tRNA, amino acids.

Ribosomes facilitate the binding of tRNA to mRNA, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and amino acids form the protein chain.

Ribosomes synthesize amino acids, tRNA translates mRNA, and amino acids bind to tRNA.

Ribosomes store genetic information, tRNA carries DNA, and amino acids are the building blocks of DNA.

Ribosomes replicate DNA, tRNA synthesizes proteins, and amino acids are used in transcription.

Transcription and translation can be explained using a simple analogy or metaphor. Which of the following best describes this process?

Transcription is like writing down a recipe, and translation is like cooking the dish.

Transcription is like reading a book, and translation is like summarizing it.

Transcription is like drawing a picture, and translation is like coloring it.

Transcription is like listening to music, and translation is like dancing to it.

tRNA delivers amino acids in the correct order to build a specific protein by:

binding to mRNA codons with its anticodon

Some antibiotics deactivate RNA polymerase in bacteria. How does this prevent infections?

By stopping protein synthesis, thus preventing bacterial growth

By enhancing bacterial DNA replication

By increasing bacterial cell wall synthesis

By promoting bacterial metabolism

What would happen if a regular codon was changed into a stop codon by a mutation?

The protein synthesis would stop prematurely.

The protein synthesis would continue normally.

The mutation would have no effect on protein synthesis.

The cell would repair the mutation immediately.

What role does mRNA play in the process of protein synthesis?

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

It forms the structure of ribosomes.

It transports amino acids to the ribosome.

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

They replicate DNA during cell division.

They transport nutrients across the cell membrane.

They store genetic information.

How does a mutation in a DNA sequence affect protein synthesis?

It can change the amino acid sequence of the protein.

It stops the transcription process entirely.

It has no effect on the protein produced.

It always results in a nonfunctional protein.

What is a nucleotide made of?

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

one glycerol and three fatty acids molecules

an amino group and a carboxyl group

monosaccharides and disaccharides

RNA and DNA differ in the types of 5-carbon sugars in their nucleotide. Which statement below is correct?

DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.

RNA contains lactose while DNA contains maltose.

DNA contains ribose while RNA contains deoxyribose.

RNA contains sucrose while DNA contains glucose.

Two other differences between RNA and DNA are that...

the number of helices and the types of nitrogen bases in the molecules.

RNA is made of amino acids and DNA is made of lipids.

the fact that one has a "backbone" while the other does not

DNA _____________________________________ and RNA ____________________________.

holds coded hereditary information, is involved in actual protein synthesis.

is involved in actual protein synthesis, holds coded hereditary information

transports amino acids to the ribosome, transports finished proteins to tissues

There are three different types of RNA. The function of mRNA is to...

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

assemble the amino acids into proteins

There are three different types of RNA. The function of tRNA is to...

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

assemble the amino acids into proteins

There are three different types of RNA. The function of rRNA is to...

assemble the amino acids into proteins.

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Because of the fact that A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G, DNA is

is different in every cell in the body

When and why does DNA need to replicate?

It replicates before mitosis and meiosis so all cells can have the correct amount of DNA for their ultimate function.

DNA replicates before protein synthesis can happen.

DNA only replicates in order to mutate.

Why is DNA important?

it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

it is very small and very complicated

because we eat it every day for energy

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases

the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases

the color of the nitrogen bases

the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

Assessment Packet - DNA & Proteins Unit

Authored by Rachel Savage

Science

9th Grade

NGSS covered

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66 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The traits of an organism are determined by:

its environment

its diet

its genes

its behavior

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Traits are inherited from parents through:

genetic inheritance

environmental factors

learned behavior

random chance

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Can we predict traits?

Yes, we can predict traits using genetic information.

No, traits cannot be predicted at all.

Traits can only be predicted in certain conditions.

Traits prediction is purely speculative.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How does DNA determine the observable traits of living organisms?

By encoding genetic information that guides protein synthesis

By directly interacting with environmental factors

By altering the chemical composition of cells

By influencing the gravitational forces on cells

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

DNA stores information. It has sugars and bases. The order of sugars and bases determines the traits. What does DNA store?

Information

Sugars

Bases

Traits

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Traits are used to classify different species from each other. How do these traits relate to cells, DNA, and proteins?

Traits are determined by DNA, which codes for proteins that form cells.

Traits are unrelated to DNA, cells, and proteins.

Traits are only influenced by environmental factors.

Traits are determined by proteins alone.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The primary purpose of DNA is to:

Store genetic information

Provide energy to cells

Transport oxygen

Regulate body temperature

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Assessment Packet - DNA & Proteins Unit

The traits of an organism are determined by:

Traits are inherited from parents through:

Can we predict traits?

How does DNA determine the observable traits of living organisms?

DNA stores information. It has sugars and bases. The order of sugars and bases determines the traits. What does DNA store?

Traits are used to classify different species from each other. How do these traits relate to cells, DNA, and proteins?

The primary purpose of DNA is to:

Which three molecules are found in DNA and what is the purpose of each?

What is a nucleotide? How does it relate to DNA and what DNA is made from?

The molecules in DNA are similar to the components of a spiral notebook in that they both have a:

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