Causes of Political Revolutions

The American and French revolutions both had one similar result

• The citizens gained more political rights

• The monarchies were restored

• Trade restrictions were lifted

• Colonial territories were expanded

The primary cause of the French Revolution was

• The rise of the middle class that lacked representation in government

• The influence of the American Revolution

• The desire for a stronger monarchy

• The spread of Enlightenment ideas among the nobility

How are U.S. citizens guaranteed specific legal protections?

• Through the Bill of Rights in the Constitution

• Through state laws and regulations

• Through the Declaration of Independence

• Through international treaties and agreements

One goal of the Congress of Vienna following the defeat of Napoleon was

• to restore the balance of power in Europe

• to promote democratic governments across Europe

• to establish a European Union

• to expand colonial territories

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophes, such as separation of powers, and checks and balances influence the revolutions of the 18th century?

• Their ideas became incorporated into constitutional documents

• They led to the establishment of monarchies

• They resulted in the decline of religious influence

• They promoted the idea of absolute rule

What revolutionary ideal resulted in Europe from the rise and fall of Napoleon's empire?

• The rise of nationalism

• The spread of communism

• The establishment of monarchies

• The promotion of imperialism

One difference between France and the American colonies at the beginning of their revolutions was

• France suffered more economic problems than the American colonists

• The American colonies had a stronger military than France

• France had a larger population than the American colonies

• The American colonies were more politically stable than France

Montesquieu's idea of________ influenced leaders of the American colonies in the creation of the U.S. government

• Checks and Balances

• Federalism

• Separation of Powers

• Judicial Review

What Enlightenment principle was used by both the American Colonists and the French revolutionaries to justify revolution?

• That governments are established to protect citizen's rights

• That all men are created equal

• That the monarchy is divinely ordained

• That individual freedom is absolute

The American revolution was fought to gain independence from a colonial power, while the French revolution was fought to

• establish a monarchy

• replace the existing political and social order

• expand colonial territories

• promote religious freedom