Shoulder

Which of the following is a characteristic of an open repair?

• It is performed through 2-3 small incisions

• It is primarily used for minor tendon repairs

• It requires an incision of adequate length for major repairs

• It is only used for debridement procedures

Arthroscopic repair is typically used for:

• Joint replacements and major tendon repairs

• Removing loose bodies, minor repairs, and debriding a joint

• Internal fixation of fractures

• Complete ligament reconstructions requiring large incisions

Which special test for impingement is positive if the patient experiences pain during shoulder abduction between 60-120 degrees?

• Neer Test

• Painful Arc

• Hawkins-Kennedy Test

• Cross-over Impingement Sign

A positive Neer test suggests involvement of which structure(s)?

• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatus

• Teres Major

• Long head of the biceps

The Hawkins-Kennedy test is used to indicate pathology in which structure?

• Subacromial bursa

• Supraspinatus tendon

• Long head of the triceps

• Coracoclavicular ligament

A patient presents with anterior shoulder pain during the cross-over impingement test. This suggests involvement of:

• Long head of the biceps

• Infraspinatus

• Subscapularis

• Supraspinatus

A patient presents with superior shoulder pain during the cross-over impingement test. This suggests involvement of:

• AC joint

• Infraspinatus

• Subscapularis

• Supraspinatus

A patient presents with posterior shoulder pain during the cross-over impingement test. This suggests involvement of:

• Long head of the biceps

• Infraspinatus

• Subscapularis

• Supraspinatus

Which muscle(s) contributes to anterior tipping of the scapula, increasing impingement risk?

• Weak serratus anterior or lower trapezius

• Weak upper trapezius or serratus anterior

• Tight pectoralis minor

• Tight pectoralis major

Weakness or poor endurance of the rotator cuff muscles can lead to:

• Inferior translation of the humeral head not allowing the greater tubercle to clear

• Anterior translation of the humeral head not allowing the greater tubercle to clear

• Medial translation of the humeral head not allowing the greater tubercle to clear

• Posterior translation of the humeral head not allowing the greater tubercle to clear