Protein Synthesis & Mutations

A scientist examined two populations of the grasshopper species Atractomorpha lata. The scientist found that the population raised in higher temperatures had a higher frequency of brown coloration, while the population raised in lower temperatures had a higher frequency of green coloration.

Based on this information, which biological process is affected by temperature in A. lata?

• Metabolism

• ATP production

• Cell division

• Gene expression

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

• Select C

  The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

A student makes a diagram to demonstrate how DNA encodes traits for organisms. Complete the diagram to accurately show the relationship among the structures and processes. Select the correct answer for each box.

​

DNA -------(​ (a)   )------->​ (b)   -------(​ (c)   )--------->​ (d)  

• RNA
• Protein
• Translation
• Transcription

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A model of a biological process is shown.

What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

UGG-ACU-CGA

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

Each codon found on a strand of mRNA codes for a single amino acid. The amino acid is identified on which characteristic of the codon?

• the number of nucleotides

• the sequence of nitrogen bases 

• the amount of thymine present

• the type of sugar found in each nucleotide

What is the name of the process occurring in the image? 

• Transcription 
• Translation 
• Replication 
• Translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many different kinds of specialized cells. This process is most directly influenced by

• DNA

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• ATP

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which reason explains why nerve cells function differently than muscle cells?

• In nerve cells all the genes are expressed.

• In muscle cells all the genes are expressed.

• In both kinds of cells the same genes are expressed.

• In both kinds of cells different genes are expressed.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2