Understandings Logical Fallacies

What is a generalization?

• A statement made about a large group or topic without supporting evidence.

• A detailed analysis of a specific topic.

• A personal opinion based on facts.

• A scientific hypothesis.

What is an example of a generalization?

• My boyfriend just broke up with me through text – ALL guys are jerks!

• I like apples because they are sweet.

• The sun rises in the east.

• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

What does "Ad Hominem" mean?

• A person's character is being attacked instead of the topic at hand.

• A logical argument based on evidence.

• A discussion about a person's achievements.

• A debate about a scientific theory.

What is a false equivalence?

• An argument where two opposing arguments appear logically equal but are not

• A statement that is always true

• A comparison between two similar things

• A type of logical fallacy that is always correct

Which of the following is an example of a false equivalence?

• Comparing two different political systems as equally effective

• Saying all fruits are sweet

• Equating the belief in God with being a good person

• Comparing two identical cars

What does a red herring do in an argument?

• Provides a clear and direct answer

• Misleads or distracts from the main topic

• Supports the main argument

• Clarifies the main point

Which of the following is an example of a red herring?

• Discussing homelessness when talking about panda extinction

• Comparing apples to oranges

• Equating two different historical events

• Providing evidence for a claim

What is the main purpose of a red herring in a discussion?

• To provide additional information

• To distract from the main issue

• To support the main argument

• To clarify the topic

How does a false equivalence affect an argument?

• It strengthens the argument

• It makes the argument appear logical when it is not

• It provides clear evidence

• It simplifies the argument

Which term describes an argument that misleads from the main topic?

• False equivalence

• Red herring

• Logical fallacy

• Direct argument