Phineas Gage

What is the significance of the brain stem?

• It controls basic life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

• It is responsible for higher cognitive functions like thinking and reasoning.

• It regulates the body's immune response and hormone production.

• It serves as the primary site for memory storage and retrieval.

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

• Coordination, balance, and fine motor skills.

• Memory and learning processes.

• Emotional regulation and response.

• Vision and auditory processing.

What are Wholebrainers in the context of brain function?

• Scientists who believe that all parts of the brain work together to control functions.

• Researchers who focus solely on the left hemisphere of the brain.

• Experts who study the brain's individual parts in isolation.

• Professionals who advocate for the use of technology in brain research.

What did Carl Wernicke discover about the brain?

• An area in the brain that controls the ability to understand speech.

• A region responsible for motor control and coordination.

• A part of the brain that regulates emotions and memory.

• An area that processes visual information.

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

• It regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

• It is involved in higher brain functions such as thought, memory, and voluntary movement.

• It controls reflex actions and involuntary movements.

• It is responsible for the production of hormones.

What are the main parts of the brain?

• Cerebellum, brain stem, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex

• Thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

• Frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe

• Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, spinal cord

How did Phineas Gage's accident contribute to neuroscience?

• It demonstrated the importance of the occipital lobe in vision.

• It provided early evidence for the role of the frontal lobes in personality and behavior.

• It showed that the brain has no role in behavior.

• It confirmed that the cerebellum is responsible for emotional regulation.

What is the importance of studying brain injuries like Phineas Gage's?

• It helps us understand the relationship between brain structure and function, particularly in areas related to personality and behavior.

• It provides insights into the history of medicine and surgical techniques.

• It allows us to develop new medications for brain-related diseases.

• It helps in understanding the genetic factors influencing brain development.

What is Phineas Gage known for?

• Surviving a severe brain injury that changed his personality and behavior, providing insights into the role of the frontal lobes in personality.

• Being the first person to perform brain surgery successfully.

• Developing a new theory of personality based on his experiences.

• Creating a famous psychological test used in modern psychology.

What does Dr. Harlow compare Phineas Gage to, and why?

• A child, to illustrate the changes in his behavior and personality after the accident.

• An animal, to show his loss of rationality.

• A machine, to emphasize his mechanical functions.

• A soldier, to highlight his bravery before the accident.