Mendelian genetics

What is a Punnett square?

• A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

• A tool for measuring the height of plants in a garden.

• A method for calculating the area of a square in geometry.

• A chart used to track the history of genetic mutations in a species.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

• Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles in heterozygous conditions.

• Recessive alleles are always expressed in the phenotype.

• Dominant alleles are only found on the X chromosome.

• Recessive alleles can never be expressed in the presence of dominant alleles.

What is Mendelian genetics?

• The study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel.

• A theory that explains the behavior of genes in a population over time.

• The examination of genetic mutations and their effects on organisms.

• A method for cloning organisms using genetic material.

What is a hybrid organism?

• A hybrid organism has two different alleles for a trait, such as Cc.

• A hybrid organism has identical alleles for a trait, such as CC or cc.

• A hybrid organism is a purebred organism with no genetic variation.

• A hybrid organism is an organism that can reproduce asexually.

What is an allele?

• A type of protein that helps in cell division.

• A variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.

• A structure within the cell nucleus that contains DNA.

• A type of mutation that occurs in genes.

What is a phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

• The process by which organisms adapt to their environment.

• The evolutionary history of a species.

What is a test cross?

• A breeding experiment to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

• A method to identify recessive traits in offspring.

• A technique used to clone organisms.

• A cross between two individuals with the same phenotype.

What does heterozygous mean?

• Having two identical alleles for a specific gene, like YY.

• Having two different alleles for a specific gene, like Yy.

• Having no alleles for a specific gene.

• Having one allele for a specific gene, like Y.

What is a genotype?

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by alleles, such as nn.

• The environment in which an organism lives.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

What is the law of segregation?

• The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The law of segregation states that alleles are blended together in the offspring.

• The law of segregation states that traits are inherited independently of one another.

• The law of segregation states that all alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.