Physiology Quiz

What is defined as the net flux of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

• Diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

• Osmosis

What type of transport requires energy to move substances against their electrochemical gradients?

• Passive transport

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

• Simple diffusion

What is the term for the passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?

• Diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

• Osmosis

What is the reflection coefficient (σ) an index of?

• Membrane permeability to a solute

• Concentration gradient

• Diffusion rate

• Osmotic pressure

What is the pressure necessary to prevent solute migration called?

• Osmotic pressure

• Hydraulic conductivity

• Reflection coefficient

• Concentration gradient

What is the term used to describe the osmolarity of a solution of nonpenetrating substances relative to plasma?

• Osmolarity

• Tonicity

• Isotonic

• Hypertonic

What happens to cells when placed in hypertonic solutions?

• They swell

• They shrink

• They remain the same

• They burst

What is the concentration of isotonic saline?

• 154 mM NaCl

• 300 mM NaCl

• 308 mM NaCl

• 154 mM KCl

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in controlling extracellular osmolarity?

• Increases water excretion

• Decreases water excretion

• Increases sodium retention

• Decreases sodium retention

What is hyponatremia defined as?

• Plasma sodium concentration <135 mEq/L

• Plasma sodium concentration >145 mEq/L

• Normal plasma sodium concentration

• Plasma sodium concentration = 135 mEq/L