identify assumptions

1. All penguins (A) live in the Antarctic (B).

Therefore:

C. This bird (x) is not a penguin (A).

1. Anyone who lives in Paris lives in France.

Therefore:

C. Jean lives in France.

1. Evolution is not the best explanation for our

observations.

Therefore,

C. Creationism is the best explanation for our observations.

 

2. These tulip bulbs were not chilled before planting.

Therefore:

C. These tulip bulbs will not produce flowers.

A photograph taken with a traditional camera can never convey the experience of being in a landscape since only a three-dimensional representation of a landscape can convey the experience of being in that landscape.

Only people who live in Brixton took part in the riots. So everyone who took part in the riots is from a deprived area.

It is impossible to know that any claim about the physical world is true, because no such claim can ever be conclusively proved.

Having an efficient, attractive train network makes good economic sense.  So, the city needs to purchase new train carriages, since the city should always do what makes good economic sense.

When students do not find their assignments too challenging, they become bored and so achieve less than their abilities would allow. On the other hand, when students find their assignments too difficult, they give up and so again achieve less than what they are capable of achieving. It is therefore clear that no student’s full potential will ever be realized.

Animals can certainly signal each other with sounds and gestures.  However, this does not confirm the thesis that animals possess language, since animals do not use sounds or gestures to refer to concrete objects or abstract ideas.