Demonstration of Learning - Grade 10 Art of Thinking

What does the term logical fallacy refer to?

• A flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument

• A strong argument backed by facts

• False information that misleads the audience

• A fact that is always true

Which of the following is an example of misused data?

• A graph showing the full results of a study

• A study that is taken out of context to support an unrelated claim

• A personal opinion about a product that goes viral on TikTok

• A well-researched news article

A study finds that students who eat breakfast score higher on math tests. A school

administrator then decides that serving free breakfast in all schools will guarantee better

math scores.

What is wrong with this conclusion?

• A. It assumes correlation equals causation

• It presents a straw man fallacy

• It misuses anecdotal evidence about breakfast.

• It uses a red herring fallacy.

Which of the following statements demonstrate how correlation can be mistaken for causation?

Choose 2

• “Since smartphone use has increased, so has global warming. Phones must be causing climate change.”

• “Eating carrots improves eyesight because people who eat a lot of carrots have good vision.”

• “A new tutoring program helped improve test scores because students in the program performed better than those who weren’t in it.”

• “Most people who work at successful companies drink coffee, so drinking coffee must help people succeed in business.”

Samantha notices that every time she wears her lucky shirt, her team wins. She starts believing the shirt is the reason for their victories, ignoring other factors like practice or strategy. Samantha’s belief is an example of a(n) ___________ because she is drawing a conclusion based on a coincidence. If she tells others the shirt is the reason for the wins without evidence, she is spreading​ ____________

(a)   ​ (b)  

• illogical conclusion
• misinformation
• logical
• misused information