Ecology SOL Unit 3 Test - Biogeochemical Cycles

What is the process called when water flows over the land surface, collecting in rivers, lakes, and eventually the ocean?

• Infiltration

• Runoff

• Evaporation

• Condensation

Answer explanation

The process when water flows over the land surface, collecting in rivers, lakes, and eventually the ocean is called runoff. It occurs after precipitation when excess water cannot infiltrate the ground.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is the term for water soaking into the ground and becoming groundwater?

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Infiltration

• Precipitation

Answer explanation

The term for water soaking into the ground and becoming groundwater is 'infiltration'. This process allows surface water to penetrate the soil and replenish underground water supplies.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is the natural process by which water moves between different reservoirs?

• Water Cycle

• Carbon Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

• Oxygen Cycle

Answer explanation

The natural process by which water moves between different reservoirs, such as oceans, clouds, and rivers, is known as the Water Cycle. It involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, making it essential for sustaining life.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water?

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Precipitation

• Infiltration

Answer explanation

The process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water is called condensation. This occurs when water vapor in the air cools down and transforms into liquid droplets, forming clouds or dew.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Which process do animals not go through because their cells lack chloroplasts?

• Cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Glycolysis

• Fermentation

Answer explanation

Animals do not perform photosynthesis because their cells lack chloroplasts, which are essential for this process. Instead, they rely on cellular respiration, glycolysis, and fermentation for energy.

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

• Krebs cycle

• Electron transport chain

• Glycolysis

• Fermentation

Answer explanation

The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and is essential for the subsequent stages of respiration.

What is the atomic number of oxygen?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 12

Answer explanation

The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of protons in its nucleus. Oxygen has 8 protons, which gives it an atomic number of 8, making it the correct answer.

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

• C₆H₁₂O₆

• C₆H₆O₁₂

• C₁₂H₆O₆

Answer explanation

The correct chemical formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆, which indicates it contains 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. The other options do not accurately represent glucose's composition.

Which phase of photosynthesis involves the use of carbon dioxide?

• Sunlight

• Calvin Cycle

• Glycolysis

• Krebs Cycle

Answer explanation

The Calvin Cycle is the phase of photosynthesis that uses carbon dioxide to produce glucose. It occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light directly, unlike the light-dependent reactions.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

What is the main function of the Electron Transfer Chain?

• To produce glucose

• To convert compounds into ATP

• To release oxygen

• To capture sunlight

Answer explanation

The main function of the Electron Transfer Chain is to convert compounds into ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell, through a series of redox reactions. This process is essential for cellular respiration.