DNA Mutations

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code, altering all subsequent amino acids.

• A mutation that replaces one nucleotide with another without changing the reading frame.

• A mutation that occurs when a nucleotide is added or deleted, but does not affect the overall sequence.

• A mutation that causes a premature stop codon in the genetic sequence.

How can mutations be beneficial?

• They always lead to negative effects on the organism.

• Some mutations can provide advantages, such as increased resistance to diseases or improved survival.

• Mutations have no impact on the organism's fitness.

• All mutations are harmful and decrease survival chances.

What is an insertion mutation?

• A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

• A mutation where one or more nucleotides are deleted from the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that changes one nucleotide to another nucleotide.

• A mutation that occurs only in RNA sequences.

What is the relationship between mutations and cancer?

• Mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer.

• Mutations have no effect on cell growth.

• Mutations only occur in non-cancerous cells.

• Mutations are always beneficial to cell function.

What is a point mutation?

• A mutation that affects a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that affects multiple nucleotides in the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that occurs in the protein coding region of a gene.

• A mutation that results in a change of phenotype without altering the genotype.

What is the significance of the genetic code?

• It determines the color of an organism's eyes.

• It is a set of rules that defines how sequences of nucleotides translate into amino acids.

• It controls the speed of cellular processes.

• It is responsible for the structure of DNA.

What is the impact of mutations on evolution?

• Mutations have no effect on evolution.

• Mutations introduce genetic variation, which can lead to evolution through natural selection.

• Mutations always result in harmful effects on organisms.

• Mutations are only beneficial in a laboratory setting.

What is a transversion mutation?

• A type of point mutation where a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa.

• A type of mutation that involves the deletion of a nucleotide.

• A mutation that occurs in the non-coding region of DNA.

• A type of mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence.

What is a deletion mutation?

• A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that adds one or more nucleotides to the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that changes one nucleotide to another in the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that causes the DNA sequence to repeat itself.

What is the difference between missense and nonsense mutations?

• Missense mutations create a premature stop codon, while nonsense mutations result in a different amino acid.

• Missense mutations result in a different amino acid, while nonsense mutations create a premature stop codon.

• Missense mutations do not affect the amino acid sequence, while nonsense mutations change one amino acid to another.

• Missense mutations are always harmful, while nonsense mutations are always beneficial.