Genetics

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

• Dominant alleles require two copies to express their trait, while recessive alleles express their trait with one copy.

• Dominant alleles express their trait even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

• Dominant alleles are always more common in a population than recessive alleles.

• Recessive alleles can never be expressed in the presence of dominant alleles.

Define 'allele'.

• An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.

• An allele is a type of chromosome that determines the sex of an organism.

• An allele is a protein that helps in the synthesis of DNA.

• An allele is a structure that carries genetic information in the form of RNA.

What is a trait?

• A trait is a characteristic that is inherited and can be either dominant or recessive.

• A trait is a temporary feature that changes with the environment.

• A trait is a behavior that is learned from experience.

• A trait is a physical feature that cannot be inherited.

What is a phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

• The process by which organisms adapt to their environment.

• The evolutionary history of a species.

What is a genotype?

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the alleles it possesses.

• The environment in which an organism lives.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

What is the law of independent assortment?

• The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

• The law of independent assortment states that alleles for the same trait are inherited together.

• The law of independent assortment states that traits are inherited in a fixed ratio.

• The law of independent assortment states that dominant traits always mask recessive traits.

Define 'homozygous'.

• Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

• Homozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene.

• Homozygous refers to having one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular gene.

• Homozygous refers to the genetic makeup of an organism as a whole.

What does a lowercase letter represent in genetics?

• A dominant allele, such as for tall plants.

• A recessive allele, such as for short plants.

• A gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.

• An allele that is always expressed regardless of dominance.

What is a chromosome?

• A type of protein found in the cell membrane.

• A long strand of DNA that contains many genes and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

• A small organelle responsible for energy production.

• A molecule that carries oxygen in the blood.

What is the phenotype for a genotype of 'Tt'?

• Tall

• Short

• Medium

• Dwarf