For what purpose was the Newcomen steam engine originally designed?

• to propel commercial barges down canals

• to power the spinning jenny

• to pump water out of coal mines

• to drive railroad trains

What was the first industry in Great Britain to be transformed by industrialization?

• steel production

• railroads

• textile production

• agriculture

All of the following are reasons why Great Britain became the first nation to industrialize EXCEPT

• Britain had a strong aristocratic patronage system.

• Britain had a well-developed transportation system.

• Britain had people available to work in factories.

• Britain had the raw materials needed for industry.

How did railroads contribute to the success of industrialization in Britain?

• They allowed workers to more easily commute to work.

• They helped create a national market for goods.

• They guaranteed Britain’s monopoly on the cotton trade.

• They increased demand for coal and steel.

One way industrialization in France was different from industrialization in Britain was that France

• did not begin to industrialize until the 1880s.

• emphasized government funding over private industry.

• never industrialized their textile industry.

• relied more on water power than steam power.

The Bessemer process was

• an inexpensive way to convert iron ore into high quality steel.

• a way to easily convert water energy into steam energy.

• the conversion of whale oil into a lubricant for machinery.

• the mechanical separation of cotton fibers from cotton seeds.

How did the invention of interchangeable parts change manufacturing?

• They allowed heavy manufacturing to spread from Britain to Europe and the United States.

• They allowed one worker to perform all the tasks in the assembly process.

• They allowed manufacturing to move from cottage industry to the factory system.

• They allowed the assembly of complex devices based on a series of simple operations.

Which of the following is a reason Germany began industrializing later than other major powers?

• Germany primarily concentrated its energies on its overseas empire.

• Germany was held back by its rigid social hierarchy.

• Germany was not a unified state for most of the 1800s.

• Germany was preoccupied by civil war.

Which industry did Japan mechanize?

• agricultural industry

• railroad industry

• silk-weaving industry

• none of the above

Which of the following resources did NOT contribute to Britain’s early industrialization?

• waterways

• coal

• fiber

• oil