Understanding Energy and the Universe Assessment

What was Gottfried Leibniz's main belief about the universe?

• The universe was created by chance

• The universe was a vast machine designed by a powerful being

• The universe had no order or structure

• The universe was made entirely of water

What did Leibniz call the force that gets exchanged when objects collide?

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• The Living Force

• Motion energy

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What was the main contribution of steam engines to human civilization?

• They made transportation faster

• They replaced human and animal muscle power with nearly limitless power

• They were beautiful to look at

• They were very quiet machines

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What did Sadi Carnot discover about heat engines?

• They only work with steam

• They need coal to function

• They can only run for short periods

• They become more efficient with greater temperature differences

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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed

• Energy can be destroyed but not created

• Energy is never created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another

• Energy only exists in mechanical form

According to Rudolph Clausius, what is true about heat?

• Heat flows from cold to hot objects

• Heat cannot flow by itself from a colder to a hotter body

• Heat only exists in steam engines

• Heat disappears over time

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What is entropy?

• A measure of how heat is created

• A measure of how energy is destroyed

• A measure of disorder in a system

• A measure of energy efficiency

Who was Ludwig Boltzmann?

• A steam engine inventor

• A musician only

• A revolutionary scientist who explained entropy using atomic theory

• A factory worker

What was controversial about Boltzmann's theories during his lifetime?

• His use of mathematics

• His belief in atoms when many scientists didn't believe they existed

• His musical abilities

• His teaching methods

How did Boltzmann explain entropy at the atomic level?

• Atoms create energy

• Atoms destroy energy

• Atoms move from ordered states to disordered states

• Atoms remain perfectly still

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