Endogenous Pacemakers & Exogenous Zeitgebers

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the sleep/wake cycle?

• It controls the production of melatonin directly.

• It receives information about light from the optic chiasm.

• It regulates the body's temperature.

• It is responsible for hunger signals.

What happens to the sleep/wake cycle when the SCN is destroyed, according to animal studies?

• The cycle becomes more regular.

• The cycle disappears.

• The cycle shortens to 18 hours.

• The cycle extends to 30 hours.

What is the function of the pineal gland in relation to the SCN?

• It controls hunger signals.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It controls melatonin production.

• It manages stress responses.

What are exogenous zeitgebers?

• Internal body clocks.

• External cues that entrain free-running endogenous rhythms.

• Hormones that regulate sleep.

• Neurons that control hunger.

How does light affect the sleep/wake cycle according to Campbell and Murphy?

• It has no effect on the cycle.

• It can change the rhythm by up to three hours.

• It shortens the cycle to 20 hours.

• It extends the cycle to 28 hours.

What social cues are mentioned as influencing babies' rhythms and jet lag?

• Exercise and diet.

• Bedtimes and mealtimes.

• Temperature and humidity.

• Noise levels and light intensity.

What is the effect of environmental observations on people living in darkness during summer and little light in winter?

• They have a disrupted sleep/wake cycle.

• They experience no effect on their sleep/wake cycle.

• They sleep for longer periods.

• They have increased melatonin production.

What was the finding of the case study involving a man blind from birth?

• He had a regular 24-hour sleep/wake cycle.

• He could not adjust his sleep/wake cycle despite social cues.

• He had a shortened sleep/wake cycle of 20 hours.

• He experienced no sleep disturbances.

What is a potential ethical concern mentioned in the evaluation of sleep/wake cycle studies?

• The use of outdated technology.

• The potential death of mammals used in studies.

• The high cost of research.

• The lack of diverse study participants.

What is the interactionist system in the context of pacemakers and zeitgebers?

• A system that focuses solely on endogenous pacemakers.

• A system that studies pacemakers/zeitgebers in isolation.

• A system that integrates both pacemakers and zeitgebers.

• A system that ignores external cues.