OS Assignment-1

What are the primary functions of an operating system?

• Providing internet connectivity for all devices

• Storing data permanently on hardware

• The primary functions of an operating system include managing hardware resources, providing a user interface, facilitating file management, and enabling multitasking.

• Running applications without user input

Describe the layered structure of an operating system.

• The kernel is the only component of the OS

• User interface is not part of the OS structure

• The layered structure of an operating system includes hardware, kernel, system calls/libraries, and user interface.

• Hardware and software are the same layer

What is the difference between a monolithic kernel and a microkernel?

• A monolithic kernel is smaller and faster than a microkernel.

• A monolithic kernel includes all system services in one large block, whereas a microkernel only includes essential services and runs others in user space.

• A microkernel includes all system services in one large block.

• A monolithic kernel runs all services in user space while a microkernel runs them in kernel space.

Explain the role of the Linux kernel in an operating system.

• The Linux kernel is responsible for user interface design.

• The Linux kernel only manages software applications.

• The Linux kernel is a type of hardware component.

• The Linux kernel manages system resources and acts as an intermediary between hardware and software in an operating system.

What is a system call and how does it work in Linux?

• A system call is a graphical interface for applications in Linux.

• A system call is a method for managing user accounts in Linux.

• A system call is a type of hardware component in Linux.

• A system call is a request from a user application to the operating system for a service, enabling interaction with hardware and system resources.

Define a process in the context of operating systems.

• A process is a static file stored on disk.

• A process is a type of hardware component.

• A process is a user interface element.

• A process is an instance of a program in execution, managed by the operating system.

What are the different states a process can be in?

• Completed

• New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated

• Blocked

• Paused

Explain the concept of a process control block (PCB).

• A PCB is a type of hardware used for process management.

• A PCB is a software application that monitors system performance.

• A process control block (PCB) is a data structure that contains information about a process, including its state, process ID, CPU registers, and memory management details.

• A PCB is a graphical representation of a process flow.

What is preemptive scheduling and how does it differ from non-preemptive scheduling?

• Preemptive scheduling allows interruptions by higher priority tasks, while non-preemptive scheduling does not.

• Preemptive scheduling is less efficient than non-preemptive scheduling.

• Non-preemptive scheduling allows tasks to be interrupted.

• Preemptive scheduling is only for real-time systems.

List and describe the FCFS scheduling algorithm.

• FCFS scheduling algorithm allows preemption of tasks to improve efficiency.

• FCFS scheduling algorithm processes tasks randomly without any order.

• FCFS scheduling algorithm processes tasks in the order they arrive, leading to potential inefficiencies due to longer tasks delaying shorter ones.

• FCFS scheduling algorithm prioritizes tasks based on their priority levels.