Science MAAP review

What is the role of mutation in evolution?

• Mutations introduce genetic variation by altering DNA sequences, which can lead to new traits that may be subject to natural selection.

• Mutations are harmful changes that always lead to the extinction of a species.

• Mutations have no effect on the genetic makeup of a population.

• Mutations only occur in response to environmental changes and do not contribute to evolution.

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What is the relationship between body shape and evolutionary adaptation?

• Body shape has no impact on survival or reproduction.

• Body shape can influence an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, reflecting adaptations to specific ecological niches.

• Body shape is solely determined by genetic factors and does not change with environment.

• Body shape is irrelevant to ecological niches and evolutionary processes.

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What is the significance of studying fossilized organisms?

• It helps scientists understand the weather patterns of the past.

• It provides insights into the evolution, extinction events, and the history of life on Earth.

• It allows researchers to predict future geological events.

• It is primarily used for dating rocks and minerals.

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What are the effects of climate change on biodiversity?

• Climate change can lead to habitat loss, altered food availability, and increased extinction rates, significantly impacting biodiversity.

• Climate change has no significant impact on biodiversity.

• Climate change only affects terrestrial species, leaving aquatic life unaffected.

• Climate change improves biodiversity by creating new habitats.

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What is the significance of vestigial structures in evolution?

• They are features that enhance an organism's survival.

• They are anatomical features that have lost their original function through evolution, providing evidence of an organism's evolutionary history.

• They are structures that are essential for an organism's reproduction.

• They are adaptations that improve an organism's ability to find food.

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How do analogous structures arise in different species?

• Through divergent evolution, where species evolve different traits to adapt to different environments.

• Through convergent evolution, where different species independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environments or challenges.

• Through genetic drift, where random changes in gene frequencies lead to different traits in species.

• Through artificial selection, where humans breed species for specific traits.

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What is the significance of adaptive radiation in evolution?

• It leads to the extinction of species that cannot adapt.

• It is the gradual change of species over time.

• It is the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor, often following the opening of new habitats or ecological niches.

• It results in the stabilization of existing species without significant change.

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What are fossils?

• Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, typically found in sedimentary rock.

• Remains of modern animals found in ice.

• Artifacts created by ancient human civilizations.

• Minerals that form in volcanic eruptions.

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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

• Homologous structures arise from a common ancestor, while analogous structures evolve independently to serve similar functions.

• Homologous structures are always larger than analogous structures.

• Analogous structures are found only in plants, while homologous structures are found in animals.

• Homologous structures serve different functions, while analogous structures serve the same function.

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What adaptations do Arctic hares have for cold environments?

• Thick fur, white camouflage, and a body shape that conserves heat

• Thin fur and a large body size

• Brightly colored fur and long ears

• Short legs and a small body size

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