Delta reading 3

1. What is the main reason that people developed methods of refrigeration?

• A. They wanted to improve the flavor and nutritional value of food.

• B. They needed to slow the natural processes that cause food to spoil.

• C. They needed a use for the ice that formed on lakes and rivers.

• D. They wanted to expand the production of certain industries.

2. The word perishable in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

• A. capable of spoiling
• B. uncooked

• C. of animal origin

• D. highly nutritious

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about cold storage before the invention of artificial refrigeration?

• A. It kept food cold for only about a week.

• B. It was dependent on a source of ice or snow.

• C. It required a container made of metal or wood.

• D. It was not a safe method of preserving meat.

4. Artificial refrigeration involves all of the following processes EXCEPT:

• A. the pumping of water vapor through a pipe

• B. the rapid expansion of certain gases

• C. the evaporation of a volatile liquid

• D. the transfer of heat from one place to another

5. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

• A. It takes a lot of energy to transform a liquid into a vapor, especially when the vapor loses heat.

• B. Some gases expand rapidly and give off energy when they encounter a very cold liquid.

• C. When kinetic energy is changed to heat energy, liquid molecules turn into vapor molecules.

• D. During evaporation, the vapor molecules use energy, and the liquid becomes colder.

6. According to the passage, who was the first person to use artificial refrigeration for a practical purpose?

• A. William Cullen

• B. Oliver Evans

• C. John Gorrie

• D. Adolphus Busch

7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to:

• A. printer

• B. refrigerator

• C. type

• D. ether

8. Why does the author discuss the brewing industry in paragraph 4?

• A. To compare cave storage with mechanical refrigeration

• B. To describe the unique problems that brewers faced

• C. To praise the accomplishments of a prominent brewer

• D. To show how refrigeration changed a whole industry

9. The word constrained in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:

• A. restricted

• B. spoiled

• C. improved

• D. alternated

10. According to the passage, the first refrigerated railcar used what material as a cooling agent?

• A. Ether

• B. Ice

• C. Ammonia

• D. CFCs