Cognitive Psychology Quiz 2

While reading about a woman packing for a vacation, you assume she packed sunscreen, even though it wasn't mentioned. The cognitive process being used here is ________.

• Cognitive dissonance

• Episodic memory retrieval

• False memory

• Pragmatic inference

A child visits their teacher's office for the first time and later recalls seeing books on the desk, even though there were none. What cognitive process is most responsible for this false memory?

• Misinformation effect

• Schema-based reconstruction

• Retroactive interference

• Pragmatic inference

In day-to-day life, inferences play a role in memory by helping us ________ and make sense of situations.

• Forget irrelevant information

• Fill in gaps

• Remember events exactly as they happened

• Increase the storage capacity of working memory

After hearing a series of facts multiple times, participants begin to believe them even when they initially had doubts. What phenomenon is influencing their belief?

• Illusory truth effect

• Cognitive dissonance

• Source monitoring error

• Pragmatic inference

If someone learns a recipe while feeling calm but struggles to follow it when stressed, what does this suggest about memory?

• Emotional states do not affect memory.

• Memory is most easily recalled in the same emotional state in which it was learned.

• The recipe is encoded only in procedural memory.

• Emotional states do not influence memory retention.

A group of participants recalls the material more effectively when they study in the same room as where they will take the test. What principle is being demonstrated here?

• Encoding specificity

• State-dependent learning

• Transfer-appropriate processing

• Visual imagery

Which task would primarily engage the visuospatial sketchpad in working memory?

• Recalling a list of numbers

• Following directions on a map

• Remembering a set of spoken words

• Solving a mathematical equation

You are multitasking by learning new vocabulary while attending a lecture. Which component of working memory is most involved?

• Central executive

• Phonological loop

• Visuospatial sketchpad

• Sensory memory

In an experiment, Group A reads word pairs (e.g., cat–dog), while Group B is shown the first word and asked to generate the second word based on a clue (e.g., cat–d__). Later, Group B performs better in a recall test. What does this illustrate?

• Serial position effect

• Encoding specificity

• Generation effect

• Flashbulb memory

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called

• episodic memory.

• semantic memory.

• short-term memory.

• working memory.