Cognition Test Prep (U2)

A study on memory retention investigates how stress impacts the ability to form new episodic memories by measuring changes in synaptic strength before and after introducing a stressor. Which neurological process crucial for forming long-term memories might this stress be affecting?

• Long-term potentiation

• Neurogenesis

• Synaptic pruning

• Neural oscillation

When people fail to notice that a friend got a haircut, despite having just had a conversation about haircuts, this exemplifies:

• Change blindness

• Inattentional blindness

• Functional fixedness

• Semantic memory

Consider a scenario where after witnessing a car accident, a person remembers the car as being faster than it actually was. This memory distortion can be attributed to the influence of:

• Mood-congruent memory

• Misinformation effect

• Retroactive interference

• Imagination inflation

A psychological experiment requires participants to solve problems both in new and conventional ways. The experimenter is most likely studying which cognitive function?

• Divergent thinking

• Convergent thinking

• Functional fixedness

• Semantic memory

In a recent environmental psychology study, researchers found that individuals are more likely to recycle in contexts where they previously did so. This behavior can best be explained by which concept?

• Context effects

• Gestalt psychology

• Perceptual set

• Visual perceptual constancies

During a trial, if jurors are swayed by how a lawyer frames whether a glass is half empty or half full, they are likely falling prey to which cognitive bias?

• Framing effect

• Representativeness heuristic

• Availability heuristic

• Gambler’s fallacy

In an experiment, when participants are asked whether more words start with the letter R or have R as the third letter, most incorrectly choose the first option due to:

• Representativeness heuristic

• Availability heuristic

• Anchoring bias

• Gambler’s fallacy

If a teacher believes a student’s intelligence is static and unchangeable, which mindset does this reflect?

• Growth mindset

• Fixed mindset

• Flynn Effect

• Functional fixedness

How might the Flynn Effect be relevant in a discussion about the trends in IQ scores over several generations?

• It describes the increase in IQ scores generationally due to better nutrition and education.

• It reflects decreasing IQ scores due to increased exposure to media.

• It indicates how IQ scores remain stable across different cultural contexts.

• It explains the consistency of IQ scores regardless of changes in educational interventions.

Researchers designing a cognitive test for an international study decide to use a back-translation method to ensure linguistic accuracy. This decision primarily addresses concerns related to:

• Stereotype threat

• Test-retest reliability

• General ability

• Cultural bias