Memory Concepts and Models

Retrieval

• The process of getting information out of memory storage.

• The act of storing information in memory.

• The ability to recall information without cues.

• The process of forgetting information over time.

Retrieval cues

• Stimuli that help you retrieve a certain memory.

• Random thoughts that come to mind.

• Visual images that distract from memory recall.

• Emotional states that hinder memory retrieval.

Iconic memory

• A type of sensory memory that involves the auditory domain.

• A type of sensory memory that involves the visual domain.

• A type of long-term memory that involves visual images.

• A type of memory that is primarily related to tactile sensations.

Explicit memory

• A type of memory involving conscious recollection of information.

• A type of memory that is automatic and unconscious.

• A type of memory that involves skills and tasks.

• A type of memory that is only used for short-term storage.

Structural, phonemic, semantic

• Different levels of processing that affect memory retention.

• Types of memory storage systems.

• Stages of cognitive development.

• Methods of data analysis in psychology.

Sensory memory

• The longest-term element of memory that stores information for years.

• The shortest-term element of memory that acts as a buffer for stimuli received through the senses.

• A type of memory that is only accessible during sleep.

• The part of memory responsible for processing complex thoughts.

Method of loci

• A mnemonic device that involves associating items with specific physical locations.

• A technique for improving memory through repetition.

• A strategy for organizing information in a linear format.

• A method for visualizing complex data in graphs.

Central executive

• The part of the brain responsible for emotional regulation.

• The component of working memory that coordinates the activities of the other components.

• A type of long-term memory that stores procedural knowledge.

• The area of the brain that processes visual information.

Deep encoding

• Encoding based on the sound of the words.

• Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words.

• Encoding visually, based on the appearance of the words.

• Encoding based on the context of the words.

Autobiographical memory

• A type of memory consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life.

• A memory system that stores information about general knowledge and facts.

• A type of memory that involves the recall of specific events and experiences from the past.

• A memory process that focuses on the retention of skills and tasks.