APES Unit 1 Review

Which biogeochemical cycle does not include an atmospheric reservoir?

• Carbon cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Phosphorus cycle

• Sulfur cycle

What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?

• Sunlight provides the energy required for photosynthetic organisms to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

• Sunlight is used to cool the plant and prevent overheating during photosynthesis.

• Sunlight helps in the absorption of nutrients from the soil.

• Sunlight is primarily responsible for the growth of roots in plants.

If gross primary productivity is 5 gC/m²yr, and the producers need 1.5 gC/m²yr for their own respiration, what is the net primary productivity?

• 2.0 gC/m²yr

• 3.5 gC/m²yr

• 4.0 gC/m²yr

• 1.5 gC/m²yr

Define primary productivity.

• The rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances.

• The total amount of energy produced by all organisms in an ecosystem.

• The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels in a food chain.

• The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

What is the difference between Gross Primary Production and Net Primary Production?

• Gross Primary Production is the total amount of energy captured by photosynthesis, while Net Primary Production is the energy available to consumers after accounting for the energy used by producers for respiration.

• Gross Primary Production is the energy available to consumers, while Net Primary Production is the total amount of energy captured by photosynthesis.

• Gross Primary Production refers to the energy lost during respiration, while Net Primary Production is the total energy captured by photosynthesis.

• Gross Primary Production is the energy used by producers for respiration, while Net Primary Production is the total energy captured by photosynthesis.

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

• Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

• Decomposers produce energy through photosynthesis.

• Decomposers compete with plants for sunlight and nutrients.

• Decomposers are primary producers that create food for herbivores.

What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability?

• Higher biodiversity generally leads to greater ecosystem stability, as diverse ecosystems can better withstand environmental changes.

• Biodiversity has no significant impact on ecosystem stability.

• Lower biodiversity increases ecosystem stability by reducing competition.

• Ecosystem stability is solely dependent on climate factors, not biodiversity.

What is the impact of excess phosphorus in aquatic systems?

• It causes a decrease in water temperature.

• It leads to eutrophication, causing algal blooms that deplete oxygen and harm aquatic life.

• It increases the clarity of the water.

• It has no significant impact on aquatic systems.

What is mutualism?

• A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers.

• A relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

• A type of competition between two species for resources.

• A relationship where organisms live independently without affecting each other.

Define the phosphorus cycle.

• The process by which phosphorus moves through the soil and water systems only.

• The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, without an atmospheric component.

• A cycle that involves the atmospheric movement of phosphorus and its deposition in oceans.

• The cycle of phosphorus that occurs exclusively in aquatic environments.