Earth & Space Science Review

1. A student finds two rocks during a field investigation.

• Rock A has visible layers and contains small fossil imprints.

• Rock B has shiny crystals and formed near a volcano.

The student claims that both rocks formed the same way because they are both hard.

Which statement best explains why the student’s claim is incorrect?

• Rock A formed from melted magma, while Rock B formed from compacted sediments.

• Rock A likely formed from sediments pressed together, while Rock B likely formed from cooled magma.

• Rock A formed faster than Rock B because fossils form quickly.

• Rock B cannot be classified as a rock because it contains crystals.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

A copper penny has a hardness of 3. Melodia uses the penny to test the hardness of the mineral feldspar. She cannot scratch the feldspar with the penny. What can she conclude about the hardness of the feldspar?

• It has a hardness of 3.

• It is softer than the penny.

• It is harder than the penny.

• It has a hardness of less than 3.

Which statement can help Jessica and Joakim explain the changes that occurred to the rock over the years?       

• Gravity pulled on the rock over the years causing it to break.

• Wind blew into the cracks of the rock causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water goes into the rock and freezes causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water from a river flows over the rocks every summer causing the cracks to widen over time.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

On the first day of school, a class of fifth-grade students are given four identical cubes of hard clay. The cubes are placed in four different conditions until the last day of school. At that time, the students make the following observations.

Sample 1: classroom cabinet → no noticeable changes

Sample 2: near a window → lighter in color

Sample 3: freezer → small cracks near corners

Sample 4: bottle of water → small amount of algae on top

Which sample shows evidence of physical weathering?

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

• Sample 1

• Sample 4

Dona tests the properties of three minerals and makes a data table to record her results, as shown below.

Which two properties did Dona test?

• streak and luster

• cleavage and streak

• mineral size and luster

• hardness and mineral type

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

A town in Florida is planning to reduce its use of nonrenewable resources. Community leaders are considering four natural resources commonly found or used in Florida.

• phosphate rock

• limestone

• solar energy

• petroleum

The town wants to choose a resource that can be naturally replaced in a short amount of time and continue to be used in the future.

Which resource should the town choose, and why?

• oil

• water

• phosphate

• sand

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is limestone in Florida mostly used for?

• to build roads

• to build up beaches

• to make fertilizer

• to make glass

How many long does it take for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun?

• 24 hours

• 365 days

• 1 Week

• 30 Days

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Vijay and Raul made this hanging mobile showing some of the objects in our solar system. What does the mobile show?

• The Moon and the Sun orbit Earth.

• Earth orbits the Sun, but the Moon does not.

• The Moon orbits Earth, and Earth orbits the Sun.

• Earth is at the center of the orbits of the Moon and the Sun.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Miguel was looking at a diagram of our solar system. He noticed that one planet in our solar system is farther away from the Sun than another.

Which statement compares the two planets?

• The planet farther from the Sun has more moons.

• The planet farther from the Sun takes longer to orbit the sun.

• The planet farther from the Sun takes longer to rotate on its axis.

• The planet farther from the Sun has a higher average temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-3