Revision: Reconstructive Memory

Contains contextual information about experienced events, including how things looked, sounded, and smelled, as well as the emotions that were experienced. Episodic memories are reconstructed.

Information received after an event is later mistakenly recalled as part of the memory of the event.

A theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by other cognitive processes including perception, past experience, imagination, and beliefs.

They help us to predict what to expect based on what has happened before.  They are used to organize our knowledge, assist recall, guide our behavior, and help us to make sense of current experiences.

A memory of a fact without a memory of any specific experience.

A type of memory error in which gaps in a person's memory are unconsciously filled with fabricated, misinterpreted, or distorted information. People with such memory distortions are often very confident about their veracity.

This is when we leave out details when recalling a memory. This may be because the details were schema incongruent, they were not seen as important, or they were not understood.

This is how we remember and emphasize smaller details that are consistent with our cognitive schema and affects how we remember a story. This can even influence us to add some details that weren’t there.

• Leveling

• Sharpening

• Flashbulb memory

• Assimilation

When Martin and Halverson asked children to remember images of children playing with toys, children misremembered that it was a girl playing with a doll, rather than the actual photo of the boy playing with a doll. The reason for this false memory is

True or False. Loftus and Palmer found that participants in the "smashed" condition estimated significantly lower speeds than those in the "hit" condition.

• True

• False