A biological membrane is said to have 'selective permeability' because:

It only allows certain substances to move in and out of the cell.

It allows all substances to pass freely.

It blocks all substances from entering or leaving the cell.

It is impermeable to water only.

What are the 4 most abundant elements in living organisms?

The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur.

The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and iron.

The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium.

Which features of water, resulting from hydrogen bonding and its structure, permit the overall survival of organisms on Earth?

High specific heat and solvent properties

Low boiling point and low surface tension

Inability to form hydrogen bonds

Which of the following statements correctly compares simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport across a biological membrane?

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both move substances down their concentration gradient, but only facilitated diffusion and active transport require a membrane protein; only active transport requires energy input (ATP).

All three processes require a membrane protein and move substances against their concentration gradient.

Simple diffusion requires energy input (ATP), while facilitated diffusion and active transport do not.

Facilitated diffusion moves substances against their concentration gradient, while simple diffusion and active transport move substances down their gradient.

What does 'selectively permeable' mean in relation to a membrane?

It allows only certain substances to pass through.

It allows all substances to pass through.

It does not allow any substances to pass through.

It allows only water to pass through.

A concentration gradient is:

The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

The movement of water molecules only.

How do the polarity, charge, and size of a molecule affect its transport across the membrane?

They determine whether a molecule can pass through the membrane easily or requires a transport protein.

They have no effect on the transport of molecules across the membrane.

Only the size of the molecule matters for membrane transport.

Only the charge of the molecule matters for membrane transport.

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport?

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

Active transport moves substances down their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves them up.

Passive transport requires energy, while active transport does not.

Both require the same amount of energy.

The two key requirements for active transport to occur are:

a concentration gradient and ATP

passive movement and carrier proteins

The difference between simple and complex carbohydrates is:

Simple carbohydrates are made of one or two sugar units, while complex carbohydrates are made of many sugar units.

Simple carbohydrates provide long-lasting energy, while complex carbohydrates provide quick energy.

Simple carbohydrates are found only in vegetables, while complex carbohydrates are found only in fruits.

There is no difference between simple and complex carbohydrates.

What are the 3 main types and their functions?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; provide energy, build tissues, and store energy respectively.

Vitamins, minerals, and water; provide energy, build tissues, and store energy respectively.

Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies; provide energy, build tissues, and store energy respectively.

Sugars, fibers, and oils; provide energy, build tissues, and store energy respectively.

A triglyceride is made up of which of the following? Also, which statement best compares saturated and unsaturated fats?

Three fatty acids and one glycerol; Saturated fats have no double bonds, unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Two fatty acids and one glycerol; Saturated fats have double bonds, unsaturated fats have no double bonds.

Three fatty acids and two glycerols; Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature, unsaturated fats are solid.

One fatty acid and three glycerols; Saturated fats are healthier than unsaturated fats.

The roles of phospholipids and cholesterol in cells are:

Forming the structural framework of cell membranes and regulating membrane fluidity

Providing energy for cellular processes

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Proteins play which of the following roles in the cell and/or body?

They act as structural components, enzymes, and transporters

They are the main source of vitamins

The main steps (actions) in the digestive process—i.e. what happens to food along its pathway—are:

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction

Filtration, secretion, absorption, excretion

Photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, absorption

Which gases are involved in inhalation and exhalation?

Oxygen is inhaled, carbon dioxide is exhaled

Carbon dioxide is inhaled, oxygen is exhaled

Nitrogen is inhaled, oxygen is exhaled

Oxygen is inhaled, nitrogen is exhaled

The division of the respiratory system into upper and lower tracts includes which of the following structures in each?

Upper tract: nose, pharynx, larynx; Lower tract: trachea, bronchi, lungs

Upper tract: trachea, bronchi, lungs; Lower tract: nose, pharynx, larynx

Upper tract: nose, trachea, lungs; Lower tract: pharynx, bronchi, larynx

Upper tract: bronchi, lungs; Lower tract: nose, pharynx, trachea

The “air sacs” of the lung are called ______. Gas exchange actually takes place in these structures, where ______ and ______ are exchanged.

alveoli; oxygen and carbon dioxide

bronchioles; oxygen and nitrogen

trachea; carbon dioxide and nitrogen

bronchi; oxygen and water vapor

Trace the flow of air through the respiratory system and name the structures it passes through in order.

Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Lungs

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Intestine → Lungs

Nose → Larynx → Pharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Lungs

Nose → Trachea → Pharynx → Larynx → Bronchi → Lungs

Describe how blood carries oxygen. What is the name of the protein that binds to oxygen?

Blood carries oxygen by binding it to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The protein that binds to oxygen is hemoglobin.

Blood carries oxygen by dissolving it in plasma. The protein that binds to oxygen is myoglobin.

Blood carries oxygen by binding it to albumin. The protein that binds to oxygen is albumin.

Blood carries oxygen by dissolving it in white blood cells. The protein that binds to oxygen is globulin.

Why is oxygen essential for most organisms? What cellular process requires it?

Oxygen is essential for most organisms because it is required for cellular respiration.

Oxygen is essential for most organisms because it is required for photosynthesis.

Oxygen is essential for most organisms because it is required for fermentation.

Oxygen is essential for most organisms because it is required for protein synthesis.

Which of the following correctly identifies the components of blood, their functions, the composition of plasma, the cellular components, the process of oxygen transport, and the name of the protein that binds to oxygen?

Plasma (water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, wastes), red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), platelets (clotting); hemoglobin binds oxygen.

Plasma (mainly red blood cells), white blood cells (carry oxygen), platelets (fight infection), hemoglobin (clotting); myoglobin binds oxygen.

Plasma (water only), red blood cells (fight infection), white blood cells (clotting), platelets (carry oxygen); collagen binds oxygen.

Plasma (proteins only), red blood cells (clotting), white blood cells (carry oxygen), platelets (fight infection); insulin binds oxygen.

The path of blood through the heart, the lungs, and the rest of the body is known as:

Systemic and pulmonary circulation

Digestive and respiratory circulation

Lymphatic and endocrine circulation

Imagine you are following a drop of blood as it enters the heart when it returns from the body (systemic circ.). Which of the following correctly lists the order of parts of the heart (chambers, valves & vessels) that the drop travels through?

Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery

Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta

Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery → Left atrium

Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve

Which system responds faster and which one has longer-lasting effects in maintaining homeostasis: the endocrine system or the nervous system?

The nervous system responds faster, but the endocrine system has longer-lasting effects.

The nervous system responds faster and has longer-lasting effects.

The endocrine system responds faster and has longer-lasting effects.

Both systems respond at the same speed and have the same duration of effects.

Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands and act on target cells. What is the relationship between endocrine glands, hormones, and target cells?

Endocrine glands produce hormones that act on target cells.

Target cells produce hormones that act on endocrine glands.

Hormones produce endocrine glands that act on target cells.

Endocrine glands and target cells are unrelated.

The main functions of the hypothalamus include:

Regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and control of the pituitary gland

Production of red blood cells and platelets

Transmission of nerve impulses to muscles only

Storage of vitamins and minerals

Identify the anterior pituitary gland. What is the role of human growth hormone (hGH)?

It stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

It regulates blood sugar levels.

Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels are too high? Which is released when levels are too low?

Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are too high; glucagon is released when levels are too low.

Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are too high; insulin is released when levels are too low.

Adrenaline is released when blood glucose levels are too high; insulin is released when levels are too low.

Thyroxine is released when blood glucose levels are too high; glucagon is released when levels are too low.

What is the negative feedback mechanism for controlling blood glucose?

Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose through negative feedback.

Adrenaline increases blood glucose by positive feedback.

Blood glucose is controlled only by insulin.

Negative feedback does not play a role in blood glucose regulation.

What are the 2 common forms of diabetes? Which type requires insulin injections due to insufficient insulin production, and which is associated with obesity and insulin resistance?

Type 1 and Type 2; Type 1 requires insulin injections, Type 2 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

Type 1 and Type 3; Type 3 requires insulin injections, Type 1 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

Type 2 and Type 4; Type 2 requires insulin injections, Type 4 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

Type 1 and Type 2; Type 2 requires insulin injections, Type 1 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

What is the relationship between light exposure and melatonin production? How does this affect sleep-wake cycles?

Light exposure decreases melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep.

Light exposure increases melatonin production, promoting sleep.

Light exposure has no effect on melatonin production or sleep-wake cycles.

Light exposure only affects melatonin production during the night.

Compare the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). What are the main components and functions of each?

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, controlling most functions of the body and mind, while the PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS, connecting the CNS to limbs and organs.

The CNS includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS is only the brain and spinal cord.

The CNS and PNS both consist only of the brain and have the same functions.

The CNS controls only voluntary actions, while the PNS controls only involuntary actions.

Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals, and which part transmits outgoing impulses?

Dendrite receives incoming signals, and axon transmits outgoing impulses.

Axon receives incoming signals, and dendrite transmits outgoing impulses.

Cell body receives and transmits all signals.

Synapse receives incoming signals, and axon hillock transmits outgoing impulses.

What is a synapse? Define it and explain how neurotransmitters facilitate communication across the synaptic cleft (Fig. 24.8).

A synapse is a junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across the synaptic cleft.

A synapse is a type of muscle tissue that contracts to move bones.

A synapse is a gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream.

A synapse is a type of blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood.

The main regions of the brain are the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. What is the primary function of the hindbrain?

Regulates basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate

Processes visual and auditory information

Responsible for higher cognitive functions

Controls voluntary muscle movements

The functions of the brainstem, including the medulla and cerebellum, are:

Regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, and coordinating movement and balance

Processing visual information and controlling eye movement

Producing hormones and regulating metabolism

Interpreting sensory information from the skin

Final Exam Cumulative s25

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Final Exam Cumulative s25

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Biology

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University

•

Practice Problem

•

Medium

•

NGSS

HS-LS3-2, HS-LS1-3, HS-LS1-4

+14

Standards-aligned

Lydia Lytal

Used 59+ times

FREE Resource

100 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Science is:

the study of the natural world through observation and experiment.

a form of art.

a type of music.

a kind of sport.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are some of the components of designing a successful experiment?

Formulating a hypothesis, identifying variables, and establishing controls

Ignoring variables and skipping data collection

Making random guesses without a plan

Only collecting data without analysis

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Some of the limitations of scientific inquiry are:

It cannot answer questions about morals or values.

It provides absolute truths.

It can explain supernatural phenomena.

It is free from human bias.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The defining characteristics of living things are:

Ability to move only

Ability to reproduce, grow, respond to stimuli, and use energy

Having a backbone

Living in water

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Cells are called 'the fundamental unit of life' because:

They are the smallest living structures that can carry out all life processes.

They are only found in animals.

They do not perform any functions.

They are visible to the naked eye.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. How does this structure enable phospholipids to form a bilayer in water, and which direction does the hydrophilic portion face within the bilayer?

The hydrophilic heads face outward toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails face inward, away from the water.

The hydrophilic heads face inward, and the hydrophobic tails face outward toward the water.

Both the heads and tails face outward toward the water.

Both the heads and tails face inward, away from the water.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic' because:

It is made of a rigid layer of phospholipids only.

It is composed of a flexible layer of phospholipids with proteins and other molecules embedded within it.

It is a solid structure with no movement of molecules.

It contains only proteins and no lipids.

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Final Exam Cumulative s25

100 questions

Science is:

What are some of the components of designing a successful experiment?

Some of the limitations of scientific inquiry are:

The defining characteristics of living things are:

Cells are called 'the fundamental unit of life' because:

The phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. How does this structure enable phospholipids to form a bilayer in water, and which direction does the hydrophilic portion face within the bilayer?

The cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic' because:

A biological membrane is said to have 'selective permeability' because:

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment. Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used by living organisms to maintain homeostasis?

What are the 4 most abundant elements in living organisms?

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