Final Exam Cumulative s25

Science is:

• the study of the natural world through observation and experiment.

• a form of art.

• a type of music.

• a kind of sport.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

What are some of the components of designing a successful experiment?

• Formulating a hypothesis, identifying variables, and establishing controls

• Ignoring variables and skipping data collection

• Making random guesses without a plan

• Only collecting data without analysis

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Some of the limitations of scientific inquiry are:

• It cannot answer questions about morals or values.

• It provides absolute truths.

• It can explain supernatural phenomena.

• It is free from human bias.

The defining characteristics of living things are:

• Ability to move only

• Ability to reproduce, grow, respond to stimuli, and use energy

• Having a backbone

• Living in water

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Cells are called 'the fundamental unit of life' because:

• They are the smallest living structures that can carry out all life processes.

• They are only found in animals.

• They do not perform any functions.

• They are visible to the naked eye.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

The phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. How does this structure enable phospholipids to form a bilayer in water, and which direction does the hydrophilic portion face within the bilayer?

• The hydrophilic heads face outward toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails face inward, away from the water.

• The hydrophilic heads face inward, and the hydrophobic tails face outward toward the water.

• Both the heads and tails face outward toward the water.

• Both the heads and tails face inward, away from the water.

The cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic' because:

• It is made of a rigid layer of phospholipids only.

• It is composed of a flexible layer of phospholipids with proteins and other molecules embedded within it.

• It is a solid structure with no movement of molecules.

• It contains only proteins and no lipids.

A biological membrane is said to have 'selective permeability' because:

• It allows all substances to pass freely.

• It only allows certain substances to move in and out of the cell.

• It blocks all substances from entering or leaving the cell.

• It is impermeable to water only.

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment. Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used by living organisms to maintain homeostasis?

• Positive feedback

• Negative feedback

• Neutral feedback

• No feedback

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What are the 4 most abundant elements in living organisms?

• The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

• The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur.

• The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and iron.

• The 4 most abundant elements in living organisms are zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium.