The Japanese Mexican Labor Association of 1903

What was the main goal of the Japanese Mexican Labor Association (JMLA) in 1903?

• To create a new labor union for only Japanese workers

• To abolish the WACC's monopoly of the contract labor system and company stores

• To increase the number of Japanese workers in the fields

• To establish a new sugar beet factory

Who was the president of the JMLA?

• John Murray

• Samuel Gompers

• Kosaburo Baba

• César Chávez

What was the WACC's strategy to undermine the JMLA?

• They offered higher wages to the workers

• They created the Independent Agricultural Labor Union and imported strikebreakers

• They negotiated directly with the JMLA

• They closed down the sugar beet fields

What was the outcome of the 1903 Sugar Beet Strike?

• The growers agreed to contract directly with the JMLA and doubled the wage rate

• The WACC increased the wages by 10%

• The strike continued for another year

• The JMLA was disbanded

Why did Samuel Gompers extend a charter only to ethnic Mexicans of the JMLA?

• To promote racial equality

• To increase the number of union members

• To not upset rank-and-file unionists who were anti-Asian

• To support the Japanese workers

What was the significance of the JMLA strike in terms of labor history?

• It resulted in the creation of a new labor union

• It led to the immediate end of the WACC

• It was a rare instance of cross-cultural solidarity in U.S. labor history

• It was the first strike in the United States

What was the role of labor contractors in the 1903 Sugar Beet Strike?

• They negotiated higher wages for the workers

• They buffered growers from direct exploitation of workers

• They provided benefits and better housing to workers

• They directly exploited workers with low wages

How did the JMLA respond to the importation of strikebreakers?

• They stopped the strike immediately

• They accepted the strikebreakers into their union

• They used their social network to discourage compatriots from serving as scabs

• They increased their membership to 2,000

What was the impact of the 1903 unionization of sugar beet workers in Ventura County?

• It dissipated but inspired future labor protests

• It caused a decrease in sugar beet production

• It led to permanent improvements in working conditions

• It resulted in the closure of the ABSC factory

What did the JMLA members declare in the March 28 edition of the Oxnard Courier?

• Their plan to negotiate with the WACC

• Their decision to accept the WACC's terms

• Their determination to protect their labor as their only property

• Their intention to disband the union