ENGLISH 11 (biên soạn bởi redmoon đại đế)

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 1: The word "rebounded" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by   .

•           A. remained unchanged

• B. risen again

• C. fallen again

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 2: What does the passage mainly discuss?

•                A. Causes and effects of rainforest destruction

•                B. The rate of rainforest destruction in the Amazon

•                C. The size of tropical rainforest loss

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 3: According to the passage, what is the most common cause of deforestation in different regions?

• A. The search for valuable woods

• B. The search for new farm lands

• C. The search for rare animals

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 4: Which of the following can result from the loss of tropical rainforests?

•                A. The disappearance of many rainforest species

•                B. The disappearance of landless farmers

•                C. The increase in the rainforest habitat

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 5: According to paragraph 1, which of the following about the rate of rainforest destruction is TRUE?

•                A. It kept increasing from the 1980s to the 1990s.

•                B. It was the same in the early 1990s as in the 1980s.

•                C. It was greater in the 1980s than in the early 1990s.

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 6:  According to the passage, the following factors should be considered when determining the transition to independence for teenagers EXCEPT ............

•                A.  Their physical and emotional changes during adolescence.

•                B.  The level of trust and communication within the family.

•                C.  Financial ability to pay for life on their own.

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 7:  The word "undergo" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ............... .

• A.  experience

• B.  preview

• C.  sustain

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 8:  The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ................ .

•                A.  adolescence

•                B.  open and honest communication

•                C.  transition

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 9:  Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

•                A.  Determining the Age of Independence for Teenagers

•                B.  The Importance of Independence in Teenagers

•                C.  The Transition to Independence in Adolescence

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 10:  Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

•                A.  Factors such as cultural expectations and family dynamics influence the transition to independence.

•                B.  Independence should be a gradual process for every teenager.

•                C.  Teenagers do not need guidance and support from adults to become independent themselves.